塔里木盆地水汽含量的计算与特征分析  

The Computation and Characteristics Analysis of Water Vapor Contents in the Tarim Basin,China

作　　者：杨青[1] 刘晓阳[2] 崔彩霞 李军[1] 刘蕊[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所,乌鲁木齐830002 [2]北京大学物理学院大气科学系,北京100871 [3]新疆气象台,乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《地理学报》2010年第7期853-862,共10页Acta Geographica Sinica

基　　金：中国气象科研院所科研业务费项目(IBM200701);中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF-09-20);国家自然科学重点基金(40830956);科技部公益性行业(气象)专项(GYHY200706008);中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(SQJ2007001)~~

摘　　要：利用1976-2009年塔里木盆地的和田、库车、若羌、喀什和民丰5个探空站的实测资料计算了逐月平均水汽含量,并建立了与地面水汽压的关系式;利用这种关系式计算了盆地及周边地区28个站水汽含量,进行了EOF分解,得出了水汽分布形式;分析了地表水汽压随高度的变化;对在盆地腹地及周边地区进行的GPS观测资料进行了水汽含量的反演,并与探空计算值进行了对比。结果表明：盆地内水汽含量有两个高值区,主要分布在盆地西部和北部的边缘地带,中心水汽含量在13~14mm,均位于塔里木河干流、叶尔羌河流域、阿克苏河支流周围的绿洲地区。塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地是水汽的低值区中心,水汽含量仅为7~8mm,塔中是所有站中水汽量最少的,由中心向外逐渐增加,在环塔里木盆地的西部、北部绿洲区达到最高,然后由于海拔高度的影响又逐渐减小。塔里木盆地地基GPS反演水汽数据与探空计算值存在良好的线性关系。Mohthly mean water vapor contents were computed using meteorological data from 5 radiosonde stations including Hotan, Kuqa, Ruoqiang, Kashi and Minfeng around the Tarim Basin China during 1976-2006, and a formula was established involving monthly mean water vapor content and surface vapor pressure. By this formula, we obtained water vapor contents of all the 28 weather stations around the Tarim Basin and also performed EOF of water vapor contents to study its spatial pattern. Changes of vapor pressure with the height were also analysed. The water vapor contents obtained by GPS in the center and surroundings of the Tarim Basin were compared with radiosonde reports. Results show that： there are two higher water vapor areas in the Tarim Basin, one is on the west edge and the other is on the north edge, and the contents are both between 13-14 mm. These two higher centers are both in the oases near the Tarim River, Yarkant River and Aksu River. The center of the Tarim River has the lower water vapor, with the content being only between 7-8 mm, and the lowest spot is in Tazhong station. The water vapor content presents an increasing trend from the basin center to the edges, then presents a decreasing trend due to higher altitudes outside the Basin. There is good linear relationship between water vapor contents obtained from GPS and radiosonde.

关 键 词：水汽 可降水量 塔里木盆地 

分 类 号：P333.1[天文地球—水文科学]