Era蛋白(E.coli ras-like protein)——一个可能参与真、原核细胞信号调控的新分子开关  

Era protein(E.coli ras-like protein)-Apossible new molecular switch participating in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells signal control

作　　者：杨青青[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京教育学院教师教育数理学院,北京100044

出　　处：《北京教育学院学报（自然科学版）》2010年第2期1-6,共6页Journal of Beijing Institute of Education

摘　　要：充足的证据表明:G蛋白作为真核细胞的重要分子开关参与细胞的增殖调控以及部分代谢调控过程。而近年来在大肠杆菌中新发现的Era蛋白(E.coli ras-like protein)则是与已知的三聚体G蛋白和小分子G蛋白不同的一种新的GTP结合蛋白。进一步的研究发现该类GTP结合蛋白不仅存在于原核的大肠杆菌中,而且在高等植物、人类细胞中均含有该蛋白的同源蛋白。大肠杆菌的Era蛋白主要位于细胞膜的内侧,在细胞质中也有一定的分布;真核细胞ERA(ERG)蛋白来源于原核细胞,定位于线粒体或叶绿体上。ERA或ERG蛋白有可能担负着与其它两类G蛋白同样重要的分子开关功能。已有的研究表明,Era蛋白参与调节原核生物的细胞分裂、细胞周期以及部分细胞代谢过程;在哺乳动物细胞中,ERA的同源蛋白可能与细胞周期的G1期调控以及细胞凋亡有关;真核植物中相关研究报道尚少,推测该蛋白可能与种子的正常发育有关。G-proteins, as important eukaryotic molecular proliferation, signal transduction and many other metabolic switch, involve in the regulation of cell regulation processes.The E.coli ras-like protein （ERA）, a new GTP-binding protein found in Escherichia coli, is different from the known trimerical G protein and the small molecule G protein. Further researches find this GTP-binding protein not only exists in the prokaryotic E. coli, but also in higher plants and human cells. In E.coli cell, Era protein is mainly localized to the inner side of the plasma membrane, and also in cytoplasm. In eukaryotic cells, some evidences show that ERA （ERG） protein may be at mitochondria or chloroplast. Both of them are presumed to be originated from prokaryotic cell. The recent evidences suggest that ERA or ERG protein serves as a molecular switch on some process and it may be as important as trimerical G-protein and small GTPase.The existing research results suggest that Era protein plays a role in the regulation of prokaryotic cell division, cell cycle and some cell metabolism processes. In mammalian cells, the ERA protein may function in the G1 phase control and cell apoptosis. Though research reports about eukaryotic plant＇s ERA was small, researchers speculate that it may be related with the development of seeds.This paper mainly introduces the structural characteristics and function researching progress about prokaryotic Era protein and eukaryotic ERA protein.

关 键 词：GTP结合蛋白 ERA蛋白 ERG蛋白 细胞分裂 细胞周期调控 

分 类 号：Q591.2[生物学—生物化学]