广西流行性出血热疫区类型及流行病学特征  

The infectious focus type and epidemiologic characteristics of EHF in Guangxi

作　　者：谭毅[1] 闭福银[1] 韦增良[1] 杨进业[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西壮族自治区疾病预防控制中心,南宁530028

出　　处：《应用预防医学》2010年第3期129-132,150,共5页Applied Preventive Medicine

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生厅重点科研课题(重200537)

摘　　要：目的研究和掌握广西流行性出血热疫区类型及流行病学特征。方法收集20年来广西流行性出血热的发病数据,对疫区分布及其流行强度进行分析。用夹夜法在室内及室外布夹,对捕获的宿主动物无菌取血清及肺组织,用酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）检测血清汉坦病毒抗体及肺组织中的抗原,汉坦病毒抗原阳性的标本采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）鉴定并测序,将扩增片段的核苷酸序列与已知病毒序列进行比对分型。结果1990~2009年广西流行性出血热累计报告病例数为286例,男性农村青壮年多发,总体上发病水平较低,以邻近湖南省的桂北局部地区多见,近年来城市发病例数有增多趋势。2006~2008年共监测捕获啮齿动物18种共1 984只,褐家鼠为优势种,宿主动物感染汉坦病毒总抗体阳性率为14.75%;宿主动物肺组织抗原阳性6份,经核酸检测和测序证实为Ⅱ型病毒（汉城型汉坦病毒）。结论广西流行性出血热的宿主动物以褐家鼠为优势种,多种宿主动物感染汉坦病毒,从褐家鼠肺组织标本可检测出Ⅱ型病毒,疫区类型以Ⅱ型病毒（汉城型汉坦病毒）为主;广西EHF发病水平较低,以男性农村青壮年多发,邻近湖南省的桂北局部地区为高发地区,近年城市发病有增多趋势。Objective To investigate and define the infectious focus type and epidemiologic characteristics of EHF in Guangxi.Methods Epidemic data of EHF within the last 20 years in Guangxi was collected,and epidemic distribution and intensity were analyzed.Using snap-night method,snap traps were set in residential areas and wild fields to catch host animals.After identification and counting,the serum and lung tissue of host animals were collected.Hantanvirus antigen in lung tissue and antibody in serum were detected by ELISA,M segment of positive specimen was partially amplified by RT-PCR and sequenced.Phylogenetic analysis was conducted for genotyping.Results A total of 286 cases were reported within the last 20 years.Two epidemic peaks appeared in 1994 and 2002.Adult males from countryside were the high risk population.Northern part of Guangxi adjoining Hunan province was the high risk area.In recent years more cases have been reported in cities.During 2006 to 2008,eighteen species up to 1984 rodents were caught,the animal antibody-carry rate was 14.75%.Six lung specimens infected with hantavirus from Rattus novegicus were proved to be SEOV by RT-PCR and sequencing.Conclusions The host animal of EHF is rodents with Rattus novegicus as the predominant host animal in Guangxi.Many species of rodents may be infected with Hantanvirus.Specimens infected with hantavirus from Rattus novegicus were proved to be SEOV.Infectious focus type is SEOV in Guangxi.EHF incidence levels in Guangxi is still low.Adult males from countryside are the high risk population.Northern part of Guangxi adjoining Hunan province is the high risk area.Increasing trend of incidence in cities has been observed in recent years.

关 键 词：流行性出血热 啮齿动物 汉坦病毒 流行特征 

分 类 号：R512.801[医药卫生—内科学]