美国援助非洲政策评析  

Assessing the United States Aid Policy towards Africa

作　　者：许亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学国际关系学院

出　　处：《西亚非洲》2010年第7期20-25,共6页West Asia and Africa

摘　　要：冷战以后,美国对非洲援助政策适时调整。从克林顿到奥巴马,美国对非洲政策既有继承,也有变化。美国的援助机制历经3次大变革,形成了目前比较稳定有效的以《对外援助法案》为法律依据、以国际发展署和千年挑战集团为主要执行机构的援助体系。纵观美国援助非洲的发展历程,其中既有经验,也有教训。美国援助非洲在援助规模、协调管理、私人捐助和信息平台建设等方面值得基本肯定,但是援助非洲重点不突出、过于注重政治门槛、发展援助比例小和兑现承诺不力等特点,则是制约美国援助非洲效果的重要阻碍因素。The U.S.African policy adjusted accordingly as the Cold War ended.From Clinton to Obama,the U.S.policy is inherited and changed.The U.S.aid mechanism has experienced three major reforms and developed now a stable and efficient aid system based on its foreign aid act and conducted by the institutions of USAID and Millennium Challenge Account.Overall and historically,the U.S.aid to Africa could have positive experiences and lessons.It is positive that the U.S.aid to Africa has its advantages in size,coordination management,private donations and information platform building.However,its disadvantages are also there as no specially stressed sectors,much more focused on political conditions,less development assistant proportion and weak promises,which are undermining the U.S.aid effectiveness in Africa.

关 键 词：美国 非洲 援助 经验 教训 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学]