北京设施农业集雨利用典型模式及效益研究  

Cost-benefit analysis of a typical model of agricultural rainfall harvesting based on a demo-project in Beijing

作　　者：季文华[1,2] 蔡建明[1] 王克武[3] 王志平[3] René van Veenhuizen 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100029 [3]北京市农业技术推广站,北京100029 [4]ETC-Urban Agriculture

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2010年第1期99-105,共7页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：欧盟第六框架计划项目(SWITCH-018530)

摘　　要：研究北京农业雨水利用的历史与现状,并根据北京怀柔区示范点设施农业集雨利用典型模式的实际运行情况,分析了设施农业集雨利用系统运行的效率、效益及其推广。对示范点进行的水量平衡分析和成本效益分析表明,2008年示范点设施农业集雨利用系统的雨水收集效率为66%,设施农业雨水利用率为69%;从政府角度,集雨利用工程的效益成本系数达1.54;从示范点农户的角度,集雨利用工程的效益成本系数可达5.85。农业用水水资源价格影响集雨利用工程的应用,如果集雨利用系统不能带来额外的农业收入,只有当水资源价格高于2.2元/m3时,农户才会选择集雨利用的方式解决用水问题。在此基础上,就北京设施农业集雨利用工程实施中面临的问题提出措施和建议,旨在提高农业集雨利用系统的效率、效益及其应用性,促进其推广和应用。This paper systematically reviews the history and present situation of agricultural rainfall harvesting practices in Beijing.Based on the actual operation in 2008,the efficiency,cost-benefit and up-scaling were analyzed for a greenhouse rainfall harvesting system.The results from water balance and cost-benefit analysis showed that the rainfall harvesting efficiency was up to 66% and the rainfall using rate reached to 69%.Furthermore,the ratio of benefit to cost was 1.54 in the case of governmental investment and 5.85 in the case of farmer investment,in which farmers used the facilities in multiple ways.However,the water price of agriculture directly influenced the application and up-scaling of the project.Farmers will not use the RWH system if the water price is lower than 2.2 RMB per m3.To solve the problems encountered during the implementation of agricultural rainfall harvesting system,a number of new measures about effective use of the system in a large scale are given in this paper.

关 键 词：北京 设施农业 集雨利用 成本效益 

分 类 号：S273.1[农业科学—农业水土工程] S-3[农业科学—农业工程]