安徽省台风降水气候特征及其对农业的影响  

Climatic characteristics of typhoon-induced precipitation and its influence on agriculture in Anhui Province

作　　者：王胜[1] 石磊[2] 田红[1] 谢五三[1] 程智[1] 丁霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省气候中心,合肥230031 [2]安徽省气象局,合肥230061

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2010年第3期108-113,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：中国气象局2009年气候变化专项(CCSF-09-10)

摘　　要：利用1951—2008年安徽省台风、降水及灾情资料,采用线性趋势、气候倾向率以及T检验等方法,分析台风气候特征及其对农业的影响。结果表明：影响安徽省的台风以登陆闽、浙的台风为主;台风对安徽省的影响以7—9月为主,台风年发生1.7个,年代际变化先减少后增多的趋势;台风持续天数以2~4 d居多;安徽省台风降水南部多于北部、山区多于平原的特征明显;台风暴雨站次以及过程雨量≥100 mm站次呈不显著的年代际减少趋势。台风对安徽省淮北地区农业基本无影响,而对江淮至沿江东部以及江淮之间西北部危害较为严重;台风对农业的影响年际变化大,年平均造成的农作物受灾面积和农业经济损失分别占各类气象灾害总损失的3%和6%,近年来台风对农业的危害有加重趋势;另一方面,台风也是一种资源,其充沛的降水对缓解伏旱和高温天气十分有利。Based on the data of typhoon,precipitation and typhoon-caused disaster records in Anhui Province during 1951—2008,the climatic characteristics of the typhoon and its influence on agriculture were analyzed by using the linear trend,the rate of climate trends and the T-test.The results show that the typhoon affecting Anhui are mostly from Fujian and Zhejiang;the major period of typhoon is from July to September;average number of typhoons is 1.7 per year and has a remarkable decreasing trend;lasting period of most typhoons is between two days and four days;the spatial distribution is obviously that the typhoon precipitation has been all increased mainly from north to south and the mountainous region has more than the plain in Anhui province;and the inter-annual variation of the number of rainstorm stations and processing precipitation of more than 100mm stations are not obvious.Typhoon basically has no effect on agriculture in the region of Huaibei,and its influence on agriculture is serious harm in the eastern region from Jianghuai to the Yangtze River and the northwestward of Jianghuai.The inter-annual variation of typhoons influence on agriculture is remarkable and the percentage of yearly crops affected area and loss of agricultural economy respectively is 3% and 6% caused by typhoon in the total agro-meteorological disasters and increasing trend is clearly harmful levels of typhoon influence on agriculture in recent years.On the other hand,typhoon-induced precipitation is also a resource and its abundant rainfall is favorable to alleviate drought and extreme heat.

关 键 词：台风 降水 气候特征 农业影响 安徽省 

分 类 号：S162[农业科学—农业气象学]