华北石质山区4种乡土树种耗水特征  

Water Consumption Characteristics of Four Native Tree Species in the Rocky Mountain Area of North China

作　　者：刘春鹏[1] 翟明普[2] 马长明[1] 冯永建[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,保定071000 [2]省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室(北京林业大学)

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2010年第7期29-32,63,共5页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家“十一五”科技支撑计划课题(2006BAD03A11)资助

摘　　要：采用热扩散式液流探针(TDP)配合watchdog 900ET小型全自动气象站的方法,对华北石质山区乡土树种乔木山杏、刺槐和灌木酸枣、荆条的树干液流进行了连续监测,进而分析比较了它们的耗水特征。结果表明:①晴天时,乔木树种液流变化呈"几"字状,具有宽峰,而灌木树种则呈波动性变化,具有多峰;其液流速度大小为山杏>酸枣>荆条>刺槐,而液流通量大小为山杏>刺槐>酸枣>荆条;灌木树种液流启动、达峰值和终止时间均比乔木树种早。阴天时,乔灌木树种的树干液流变化比较平缓,而且液流速度较低,灌木树种液流启动、达峰值和终止时间也比乔木树种早。雨天时,乔灌木液流变化多次起落,但灌木树种对降雨敏感,液流速度显著增高。②乔灌木树种树干液流月变化呈现出5、6、10月份低,7、8、9月份高的规律。乔灌相比,10月份,灌木液流速度比乔木下降的程度大;5、6月份乔木耗水比率低于灌木。③影响乔木树干液流的主导环境因子是大气温度,土壤含水量和太阳辐射,而灌木树种为大气温度和土壤含水量;以环境因子作自变量,以乔灌木树种液流速度为因变量,经过逐步回归,建立了多元线性模型,回归方程极显著,调整R2依次为0.915、0.849、0.870、0.918,方程拟合良好。An experiment was conducted to study water consumption characteristics of native tree species of Prunus sibirica,Robinia pseudoacacia and Zizyphus jujuba,Vitex negundo var. heterophylla in the rocky mountain area of north China by continuous monitoring of stem sap flow and the related environmental factors using thermal dissipation probes （TDP） and an automatic weather station. Results showed that,in sunny days,the daily variation in stem sap flow velocity of the arbors （P. sibirica,R. pseudoacacia） can be described as an ＂n＂ shaped curve with a broad peak,while that of the shrubs （Z. jujuba,V. negundo var. heterophylla） changed regularly with many peaks; the order of the sap flow velocity was P. sibiricaZ. jujubaV. negundo var. heterophyllaR. pseudoacacia,while the order of sapflow flux was P. sibiricaR. pseudoacaciaZ. jujubaV. negundo var. heterophylla; the starting time,peak-occurring time and end time of the shrubs were earlier than those of the arbors. In cloudy days,the changing extent of stem sap flow of the shrubs and arbors was small,and the sap flow velocity was slower; the starting time,peak-occurring time and end time of the shrubs were also earlier than those of the arbors. In rainy days,the variation in stem sap flow of the arbors and shrubs exhibited many risings and fallings,but the shrubs were more sensitive to rain,and the sap flow velocity increased significantly. The sap flow velocities of the arbors and shrubs were lower in May,June and October and higher in July,August and September. In October,the sap flow velocity of the shrubs decreased more obviously than that of the arbors; in May and June,water consumption rate of the arbors was lower than that of the shrubs. The sap flow velocity of the shrubs was closely correlated with air temperature,soil moisture,and total solar radiation,but that of the shrubs was significantly related with air temperature and soil moisture. Taking environmental factors as independent variables and sap flow velocity as dependent variable,a multipl

关 键 词：树干液流 热扩散式探针法(TDP) 耗水量 液流速度 环境因子 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]