大庆市不同土壤类型盐碱化特征及评价  

Characteristics and Evaluation of Salinization of Different Types of Soils in Daqing City

作　　者：张杰[1] 陈立新[1] 乔璐[1] 黄兰英[1] 李猛[1] 梁健 张明 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,哈尔滨150040 [2]大庆环境监测中心站

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2010年第7期119-122,共4页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：黑龙江省"十一五"重大科技攻关项目(GA06B302-2)

摘　　要：采用野外调查与试验分析相结合的方法,对大庆市五区四县不同类型土壤的全盐量、阴离子组成、pH值、总碱度、交换性Na+和碱化度等指标进行了研究,并运用主成分分析对主要土壤类型的盐碱化进行了综合评价。结果表明:大庆市主要土壤类型的全盐量和碱化度,在盐碱土中最高,分别为3.307g/kg和33.464%;在黑钙土中最低,分别为0.693g/kg和1.823%。全盐量和碱化度在各土壤类型中的排序一致,为:盐碱土>草甸土>沼泽土>风沙土>水稻土>黑钙土。各土壤类型的阴离子组成主要以HCO3-为主,且HCO3-的质量分数随土壤全盐量的增加而增加,SO24-和Cl-,CO32-的质量分数最少。盐碱土中Cl-的质量分数小于SO42-的质量分数,故其属于硫酸盐苏打盐渍土。不同土壤类型的全盐量与各阴离子的相关性有显著差别,除沼泽土外,其他土壤类型全盐量越高,与阴离子的相关性越显著。碱化度与交换性Na+有极显著相关性。pH值与总碱度呈极显著相关。主成分分析结果显示,大庆各土壤类型的盐碱化状况为:盐碱土>草甸土>沼泽土>风沙土>黑钙土>水稻土。Total salt content,anion composition,pH value,total alkalinity,exchangeable sodium,alkalization degree of various types of soils in Daqing City were systematically studied based on the field investigation and experimental analysis. A comprehensive evaluation on salinization of diverse soils was conducted by principle component analysis. Results showed that the saline soil exhibited the highest total salt content （3.307 g/kg） and exchangeable sodium percent （ESP） （33.464%） among all the investigated soils in Daqing City,while chernozem soil exhibited the lowest values（0.693 g/kg and 1.823%）,indicating saline soil,meadow soil,bog soil,aeolian sandy soil,paddy soil,and chernozem soil in a decreasing order. For each soil type,bicarbonate was dominated in anion composition and the content of bicarbonate increased with increasing total salt content,the sulfate and chloridion contents were at moderate levels,and the content of carbonate was lowest. Saline soil in which the content of chloridion was less than that of sulfate belongs to sulfate soda saline soil. There were significant differences in total salt content and anion contents among different types of soils. Except for the bog soil,the correlations between total salt content and anion contents became more significant with total salt content increasing. A highly significant correlation was found between ESP and exchangeable sodium. The trend of variation in ESP was similar to that in total salt content. There was a highly significant correlation between pH value and total alkalinity. Principle component analysis indicated that the alkalization degree of soils in Daqing City decreased in the order of saline soil,meadow soil,bog soil,aeolian sandy soil,chernozem soil,and paddy soil.

关 键 词：土壤类型 全盐量 碱化特征 大庆市 

分 类 号：S153.4[农业科学—土壤学]