基于遥感和GPS的贡嘎山地区1966—2008年现代冰川变化研究  

Research on the Glacier Change in the Gongga Mountain Based on Remote-Sensing and GPS from 1966 to 2008

作　　者：张国梁[1] 潘保田[1] 王杰[1] 上官冬辉[2] 郭万钦[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室/地理科学系,甘肃兰州730000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第3期454-460,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家杰出青年科学基金项目(40925001);科技部基础性工作专项项目(2006FY110200);国家自然科学基金项目(40801031);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(0708NKCA122)资助

摘　　要：以对气候变化最为敏感的季风温冰川——贡嘎山冰川为研究对象,利用2002年的ETM+遥感影像和第一次冰川编目数据,提取两期冰川边界并叠加到一起,分析冰川变化趋势.结果表明:从1966年到2002年,贡嘎山冰川总体处于退缩状态,冰川总面积减少6.36%,年均减小0.447 km2,西坡冰川由41条减少到39条,面积减小7.89 km2,减小率为7.97%;东坡冰川由33条增加到36条,但冰川面积减少7.20 km2,减小率为4.71%.2008年5月GPS野外实地测量结果显示,1966—2008年的42 a,海螺沟冰川退缩约943 m,燕子沟冰川退缩494 m,小贡巴冰川退缩210 m,而大贡巴冰川长度基本保持不变,但冰储量在减少.在全球气候变暖的大背景下,温度升高可能是导致贡嘎山地区现代冰川退缩的主要原因.The development of the technology of 3S（remote sensing,geographic information system,global position system） provides more effective methods to study the glacier change.With these technologies,this paper focused on the maritime type glaciers in the Gongga Mountain,which are the glaciers most sensitive to the climate change.The boundaries of the glaciers in the Gongga Mountain in 1966 were obtained from air survey topographic maps of 1∶100 000（December 1966）,whereas ETM＋ data（2002） is processed by the method of band ratio to extract the glacier boundaries in 2002.With the support of geographic information system,the glacier boundaries of the two periods were superimposed to trace the changing tendency of glacier.The preliminary result indicates that the overall Gongga glaciers were shrinking from 1966 to 2002.The glacierized area has decreased by 6.36%,with a decreasing rate of 0.447 km2·a-1,since 1966.The number of glaciers in the east mountain range increased from 33 to 36,but the glacierized area reduced 7.20 km2,which is about 4.71% of the total glacierized area in the east range.In the west range,the number of glaciers reduced from 41 to 39,with a reduction area of 7.89 km2 and a reduction rate of 7.97%.According to the GPS measurement result in May 2008,it is found that in the 42 years,the Hailuogou Glacier had retreated about 943 m,the Yanzigou glacier had retreated about 494 m and the Xiao Gongba Glacier had retreated about 210 m.However,the terminal of the Da Gongba Glacier did not change but the ice storage was in reduction.Under the macro-background of global warming,temperature increment may be the primary cause of the glacial retreat.

关 键 词：贡嘎山 冰川变化 退缩 GIS 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]