乌鲁木齐河源冰雪及多年冻土径流过程特征  

Characteristic of Runoff Process of the Glacier and Permaforst in the Headwaters of the rümqi River

作　　者：韩添丁[1] 高明杰[1] 叶柏生[1] 焦克勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第3期573-579,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40871036);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411502);中国气象局公益性行业科研专项经费项目(GYHY200706008);水利部公益性行业科研专项经费项目(2007SHZ1-46)资助

摘　　要：在全球气候变暖背景下,乌鲁木齐河源自20世纪90年代中后期呈现出显著气温升高和明显降水增加趋势,乌鲁木齐河源区1号冰川及空冰斗山坡春季冰雪消融径流开始产流的时间有明显的推后趋势;同时径流结束、河道断流的时间也有不太显著的推后现象,其间接说明了高山区冰川及多年冻土融冻过程有了明显的消融季节推后特征.2000年以后春季径流明显大于20世纪80年代,其中冰川主要消融期径流变幅明显小于前期,空冰斗山坡夏季径流显著增大且变幅明显变大.分析认为,乌鲁木齐河源径流的这些变化,主要是河源区冬、秋季的明显升温,大气降水、季节性积雪融水和冻土活动层融冻过程变化等的反映.The startng date of spring runoff is postponed both in the Glacier No.1 and the Ice-Free Cirque,and so is the ending date of autumn runoff,but not significantly,which indirectly show the ablation season and thawing season delayed;on the other hand,since 2000 the spring runoff has been markedly more than that in the 1980s,with an minor variation amplitude in the principal ablation period.In the Ice-Free Cirque,both summer runoff and runoff variation amplitude all increase clearly.It is believed that the variations of runoff in the rümqi River basin are resulted from the positive increase of air temperature in winter and autumn and the changes in precipitation,snowmelting water and freezing-thawing of the active layer of permafrost.

关 键 词：冰雪融水 河川径流 乌鲁木齐河源 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]