2008年塔里木河流域“四源一干”径流运行与河道断流成因分析  

Streamflow Variations and Flow-Break Causes of Four Source Rivers and Mainstream of Tarim River,Xinjiang in 2008

作　　者：王进[1] 刘湘[1] 龚伟华[1] 周四宏 毛炜峄[2] 高前兆[3] 沈永平[3] 王顺德[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]新疆气象局气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第3期593-601,共9页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：全球变化研究重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951404);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411507);科技部国际科技合作项目(2008DFA20400);国家自然科学基金项目(40771047)资助

摘　　要：2008年塔里木河四条源流出山口天然径流量241.8×108m3,比多年平均值216.4×108m3多24.9×108m3,偏多11.5%,属偏丰水年;塔里木河阿拉尔站以上3条源流出山口天然径流量202.5×108m3,比多年平均值多19.6×108m3,偏多10.7%,属偏丰水年;开都河-孔雀河为38.83×108m3,比正常年份多5.33×108m3,属偏丰水年.四条源流入塔里木河总水量为29.52×108m3,占四条源流出山口天然径流总量的12.2%.其中,阿拉尔站以上3条源流入塔里木河水量为24.74×108m3,占三条源流出山口天然径流总量的12.2%.2008年塔里木河干流上游段耗水量21.11×108m3,占阿拉尔站年径流量的72.3%,是塔里木河干流最大的耗水区段;中游段耗水量7.63×108m3,占阿拉尔站年径流量的26.1%;下游段耗水量0.46×108m3,占阿拉尔站年径流量的1.6%.四条源流出山口来水量为偏丰水年,但由于源流耗水严重,入塔里木河水量减少成为特枯水年,2008年暂不向干流下游应急生态输水.The Tarim Basin is the biggest arid inland basin in China.It is located in Asia European Continent and far away from the sea.The Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu-Konque Rivers are four source rivers of Tarim River drainage.The three tributary river systems（Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant） that contribute flows to the Tarim River join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins.From the confluence of its three main contributing tributaries,the Tarim River mainstream extends 1321 km to Taitema Lake.In addition the Kaidu-Konque River Basin,which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River,contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a manmade transfer channel.In 2008,annual virgin flow of 241.8×108 m3 from four mountains basins of Aksu,Hotan,Yarkant and Kaidu Konque Rivers drain into the Tarim Basin,more 11.5 % than average annual streamflow,is an abundant hydrological year.The annual total virgin flow of Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant above the Aler gauging station are 202.5×108 m3 from the mountains basins,and of the Kaidu-Konque River from Tianshan Mountains 38.83×108 m3.The total discharge of the four source rivers into Tarim River is 29.52×108 m3 in 2008,which three tributary river systems（Aksu,Hotan and Yarkant） contributes 24.74×108 m3 flows to the Tarim River.Most of this water is consumptively used before reaching the confluence.Yarkant is only river no water drain into the mainstream of Tarim Rive.The interzone consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream are estimated to be 21.11×108 m3 for the upper course,the largest consumed section of the Tarim River mainstream;7.63×108 m3 for the middle course,and 0.46×108 m3 for the downstream course.The consumed water of the Tarim River mainstream is too large to emergency water diversion temporarily to downstream for ecological environment in 2008.

关 键 词：塔里木河 河川径流 输水运行 生态环境 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]