2009年阿克苏河枯水年水文特征及其对塔里木河干流生态环境的影响  

The Hydrological Characteristics in Aksu River in Lowflow Year of 2009 and Its Effects on the Ecological Environment of the Tarim River Mainstream

作　　者：龚伟华[1] 王彦国[1] 赵成义[2] 刘湘[1] 苟树生 高前兆[3] 沈永平[3] 毛炜峄[4] 王顺德[1] 

机构地区：[1]阿克苏水文水资源勘测局,新疆阿克苏843000 [2]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830011 [3]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,甘肃兰州730000 [4]新疆气候中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830002

出　　处：《冰川冻土》2010年第3期602-608,共7页Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology

基　　金：全球变化研究国家重大科学研究计划项目(2010CB951404);科技部国际科技合作项目(2008DFA20400);国家自然科学基金项目(40771047);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2007CB411507)资助

摘　　要：塔里木河流域2009年4—8月0℃层高度平均为4290 gpm,较12 a平均值偏低52 gpm,偏低幅度位居近19 a(1991—2009年)同期第5位.而夏季(6—8月)4站平均高度偏低129 gpm,偏低幅度位居近19 a(1991—2009年)同期第1位.2009年阿克苏河流域年径流量69.28×108m3为偏枯水年;经两支流灌区后,阿克苏河西大桥站年径流量为52.34×108m3,为枯水年.由于塔里木河阿拉尔站以上阿克苏河、叶尔羌河、和田河三条源流2009年入塔里木河水量仅为12.01×108m3,使阿拉尔站年径流量仅为14.08×108m3,为历史最小值,属特枯水年.新渠满站年径流量仅为8.374×108m3,为历史最小值,属特枯水年,并于6月1日—7月22日河道断流52 d,该站至台特玛湖河道断流长达1 100km,占塔里木河干流总长1 321 km的83%,这在历史上是罕见的.The average height of 0 ℃ layer from April to August of 2009 is 4 290 gpm in Tarim River Basin,and is 52 gpm lower than the average of near 12 a,and is the No.5 lower over the same period among the near 19 a（1991-2009）.The average 0 ℃ level height of Hotan,Kashen,Aksu and Kuerle Meteorological Stations is 129 gpm lower than the average of near 12 a,and is the lowest over the same period among the near 19 a（1991-2009）.The annual runoff of Aksu River Basin is 69.28×108 m3 in 2009,and is a very dry hydrological year.The discharge of Aksu River,Yarkand River and Hotan River feed into the Tarim River in 2009 was only 12.01×108 m3,which results in the runoff in Alar station is 14.08×108 m3,is the historical minimum,is a extreme dry hydrological year.At the same time,the runoff in Xinquman station is 8.374×108 m3,also is the historical minimum and extreme dry（lowflow） year.The Tarim River had a flow-break,about 1 100 km,no flow between Alar Station to Taitema Lake during the period of June 1 to July 22,2009.

关 键 词：阿克苏河 塔里木河 径流量 年景 断流 

分 类 号：P339[天文地球—水文科学]