融入植被结构因子的生态单元制图法在城市生物多样性信息采集中的应用  

The application of vegetation structure information in biotope mapping models towards urban biodiversity

作　　者：邱玲[1,2] 高天[1,2] 张硕新[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]瑞典农业科学大学景观管理、设计与建设学院,瑞典阿尔纳普23053

出　　处：《生态学报》2010年第14期3688-3699,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家建设高水平大学公派研究生资助项目(2007-2011)

摘　　要：以前所使用的生态单元制图模型中没有涉及植被时间和空间结构因子,然而一些研究结果显示植被的时空结构对于生物多样性有着重要的影响。因此,设计一个融入植被结构因子的改良城市生态单元制图模型,并且将其应用于瑞典赫尔辛堡市的绿色空间个案研究中,以期能够获得有关生物多样性方面的信息。这个改良的制图方法基于一个生态单元分类系统,此分类系统融入了4个植被结构因子,分别是:植被覆盖的连续性因子、优势乔木种的年龄因子、横向结构因子以及竖向结构因子。公共绿色空间信息的采集借助于全彩色航空照片的分析以及实地调查,生态单元图谱的绘制基于各个层级的生态单元分类重点。通过使用原生林地指示种或林地连续性指示种(AWIS)鉴定林地的连续性以及观测不同的植被结构下动物的分布情况得出,一些含有AWIS的生态单元是长连续性的林地,并且其含有较高的或潜在高的生物多样性;同时,植被的横向和竖向结构以及树木的年龄结构影响着鸟类和哺乳动物的分布、丰富度和多样性。得出融入植被时空结构的生态单元制图法是一个重要的调查城市生物多样性的方法,图谱能够显示出各个生态单元含有生物多样性价值的信息,基于此可以对今后的城市生物多样性保护和提高提出相应的策略。Former models of biotope mapping have not taken enough information about temporal and spatial vegetation structure into consideration. It is shown in a number of studies that vegetation structure has an impact on aspects of biodiversity. The purpose of this study is thus to design a modified urban biotope mapping model that includes temporal and spatial vegetation structure in order to obtain more information concerning urban biodiversity. A refined model was developed based on a biotope classification,and applied to a green structure system in Helsingborg in southern Sweden. It includes four parameters of vegetation structure：continuity of vegetation cover,age of dominant trees,horizontal structure,and vertical structure. The major green structure sites were determined by interpretation of panchromatic aerial photographs assisted with a field survey. A set of biotope maps was constructed on the basis of each level of modified classification. By means of identifying continuity of woodland using ancient woodland indicator species （AWIS）,and distribution of animals in the green space in relation to vegetation structure,the results indicate that some biotopes with a number of AWI species are long-continuity woodlands with high or potentially high biodiversity value,and that the spatial vegetation structure and age of stands influence the richness and abundance of the avian fauna and rabbits. It is concluded that the modified biotope mapping involving both temporal and spatial vegetation structures is an important methodology when investigating biodiversity value in urban areas.

关 键 词：生态单元制图 植被结构 生物多样性 原生林地指示种 连续性 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]