骨骼肌生长与适应的机械信号与途径  

Mechanical signaling pathways in skeletal muscle growth and adaptation

作　　者：史仍飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海市200438

出　　处：《中国组织工程研究与临床康复》2010年第24期4507-4511,共5页Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目资助(30800542);上海市第二期重点学科建设项目资助(S30802)~~

摘　　要：背景:骨骼肌作为一种机械组织,具有机械收缩的功能,但外界力学机械信号如何转变成生物体的化学信号,从而影响肌肉的生长和代谢仍不是很明确。目的:了解机械刺激与骨骼肌适应的信号途径,为摸索改善骨骼肌质量与适应提供理论依据及实验方案。方法:应用计算机检索Pubmed数据库和中国期刊网1980-01/2008-12相关文献。英文检索词为"skeletal muscle、mechanical stimulation、signal transduction";中文检索词为"骨骼肌,运动,信号传导"。纳入标准:①具有原创性,论点论据可靠的实验性文章。②与骨骼肌肥大相关内容的文章。③观点明确,分析全面的文章。排除标准:与文章目的无关的内容和重复性研究。结果与结论:骨骼肌作为一种机械组织,具有机械收缩的功能,但外界力学机械信号如何转变成生物体的的化学信号,从而影响肌肉的生长和代谢仍不是很明确。研究表明,机械刺激通过诱导Akt/mTOR途径,从而促进骨骼肌生长与适应的机制;骨骼肌纤维在机械运动刺激作用下,神经冲动的传递,随后开放Ca2+及相关离子通道,引起胞浆中的钙离子增加,使钙调神经磷酸酶的活性上升,催化NFAT去磷酸化,激活的NFAT进入肌细胞核,作用于相应的靶基因,最终使骨骼肌产生运动适应性变化。结果表明,肌肉机械信号刺激促进胰岛素样生长因子1的释放,进而通过生物信号传导通路来实现。机械刺激促进离子浓度的改变,从而影响钙调磷酸酶/对核因子活化T细胞途径以增加肌肉质量。对于机械运动的物理信号与生物体的化学信号通路的机制研究还有待继续深入探索。BACKGROUND：Skeletal muscle,as a mechanical tissue,has a function of mechanical contraction,but the mechanisms by which mechanical signals are transduced to chemical signals that influence muscle growth and metabolism remain unidentified.OBJECTIVE：To understand the signaling pathways for mechanical stimulation and skeletal muscle adaptation,and to provide a theoretical basis for further study.METHODS：The databases of PubMed and CNKI was retrieved by computer with key words of ＂skeletal muscle,mechanical stimulation,signal transduction＂ both in Chinese and English.The following literatures were included：①Experimental papers with reliable arguments.②Papers concerning skeletal muscle hypertrophy.③Papers with definite standpoints and comprehensive analysis.The papers unrelated to this paper or repeatability study was excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Several findings have suggested that mechanical stimuli can promote the growth and adaptation via Akt/mTOR pathway;under mechanical motion on skeletal muscle fiber,nerve impulse transfers the signals,and opens the Ca2＋ ion channel,which can increase the calcineurin activity,activate NFAT into nucleus,and affecte responding target gene,ultimately,result in the adaptation of skeletal muscle.It demonstrated that muscle releases insulin-like growth factors 1 on mechanical stimulation,and through signaling pathways influence muscle growth and adaptation.On the other hand,mechanical signaling via the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T-cell pathway has been shown to have a powerful influence on muscle phenotype and muscle mass.The mechanisms concerning how to change the mechanical signals into in vivo chemical signals pathways need exploration.

关 键 词：骨骼肌 机械刺激 哺乳动物雷帕霉素 钙调磷酸酶 信号通路 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]