Geology of Mars after the first 40 years of exploration  

作　　者：Angelo Pio Rossi Stephan van Gasselt 

机构地区：[1]International Space Science Institute, CH-3012, Hallerstrasse 6, Bern, Switzerland [2]Jacobs University Bremen, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany [3]Planetary Sciences and Remote Sensing, Institute of Geological Sciences, Free University of Berlin, Malteserstr. 74-100, 12249 Berlin, Germany

出　　处：《Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics》2010年第7期621-652,共32页天文和天体物理学研究（英文版）

摘　　要：The knowledge of Martian geology has increased enormously in the last 40 yr. Several missions orbiting or roving Mars have revolutionized our understanding of its evolution and geological features, which in several ways are similar to Earth, but are extremely different in many respects. The impressive dichotomy between the two Martian hemispheres is most likely linked to its impact cratering history, rather than internal dynamics such as on Earth. Mars＇ volcanism has been extensive, very longlived and rather constant in its setting. Water was available in large quantities in the distant past of Mars, when a magnetic field and more vigorous tectonics were active. Exogenic forces have been shaping Martian landscapes and have led to a plethora of landscapes shaped by wind, water and ice. Mars＇ dynamical behavior continues, with its climatic variation affecting climate and geology until very recent times. This paper tries to summarize major highlights in Mars＇ Geology, and points to deeper and more extensive sources of important scientific contributions and future exploration.The knowledge of Martian geology has increased enormously in the last 40 yr. Several missions orbiting or roving Mars have revolutionized our understanding of its evolution and geological features, which in several ways are similar to Earth, but are extremely different in many respects. The impressive dichotomy between the two Martian hemispheres is most likely linked to its impact cratering history, rather than internal dynamics such as on Earth. Mars＇ volcanism has been extensive, very longlived and rather constant in its setting. Water was available in large quantities in the distant past of Mars, when a magnetic field and more vigorous tectonics were active. Exogenic forces have been shaping Martian landscapes and have led to a plethora of landscapes shaped by wind, water and ice. Mars＇ dynamical behavior continues, with its climatic variation affecting climate and geology until very recent times. This paper tries to summarize major highlights in Mars＇ Geology, and points to deeper and more extensive sources of important scientific contributions and future exploration.

关 键 词：planets and satellites Mars -- Geology -- surface processes -- interior processes 

分 类 号：P185.3[天文地球—天文学]