种植密度对夏玉米产量和源库特性的影响  

Effects of planting density on the grain yield and source-sink characteristics of summer maize

作　　者：刘伟[1] 吕鹏[1] 苏凯[1] 杨今胜 张吉旺[1] 董树亭[1] 刘鹏[1] 孙庆泉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东登海种业股份有限公司,山东莱州261448

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第7期1737-1743,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD31B04;2006BAD02A09-JS02);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118602);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903003);中国博士后科学基金项目(20070410368)资助

摘　　要：以高产玉米品种郑单958(ZD958)和登海661(DH661)为试验材料,在4个不同区域(山东农业大学、汶口、兖州和莱州)设置22500、45000、67500、90000和112500株.hm-25个种植密度,研究了种植密度对夏玉米产量及源库特性的影响.结果表明:两品种在112500株.hm-2密度条件下玉米籽粒产量和生物产量最高,分别为19132和36965kg.hm-2,与22500和67500株.hm-2密度相比,籽粒产量分别增加了72%和48%,生物产量分别增加了152%和112%.两品种单株叶面积、最大花丝数、穗粒数和千粒重随密度增大而减小,但叶面积指数随密度增大而显著提高.收获指数与粒叶比随密度增大而显著减小,当密度超过67500株.hm-2时差异不显著,表明高密度条件下玉米通过增加群体库来提高产量.Taking high-yielding summer maize cultivars Zhengdan 958 （ZD 958） and Denghai 661 （DH 661） as test materials,this paper studied the effects of different planting density （22500,45000,67500,90000,and 112500 plant·hm-2） on the grain yield and source-sink characteristics of the cultivars in four regions,i.e.,Shandong Agricultural University,Wenkou,Yanzhou,and Laizhou.At the planting density 112500 plant·hm-2,the grain yield and the biomass of the cultivars were the highest,being 19132 and 36965 kg·hm-2,respectively.Comparing with those at the planting densities 22500 and 67500 plant·hm-2,the grain yield at the planting density 112500 plant·hm-2 was increased by 72% and 48%,and the biomass was increased by 152% and 112%,respectively.With the increase of planting density,the leaf area index （LAI） increased significantly,while the leaf area per plant （LA）,the maximum number of filaments,the grains per ear,and the 1000-grain weight all decreased.The harvest index and the grain-leaf ratio decreased with increasing planting density,but no significant change was observed when the planting density was higher than 67500 plant·hm-2,suggesting that at higher planting densities,summer maize could improve their grain yield via increasing population sink.

关 键 词：夏玉米 高产 种植密度 源库特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]