长期施肥下红壤地区土壤熟化肥力评价  

Variations of soil fertility level in red soil region under long-term fertilization

作　　者：于寒青[1] 徐明岗[1] 吕家珑[2] 包耀贤[1] 孙楠[1] 高菊生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京100081 [2]西北农林科技大学,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2010年第7期1772-1778,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA10Z417);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2007-15);国家"十一五"重点科技支撑计划项目(2006BAD05B09;2006BAD02A14)资助

摘　　要：以湖南祁阳中国农业科学院红壤实验站的"生土熟化"长期定位试验(1982—2007年)为基础,运用数值化理论综合评价分析了红壤地区3种母质土壤(花岗岩母质土壤、第四纪红壤、紫色砂页岩土壤)在6种熟化措施(不施肥,CK;不施肥+秸秆还田,CKR;施氮磷钾化肥,NPK;施氮磷钾化肥+秸秆还田,NPKR;施有机物稻草,M;施有机物稻草+秸秆还田,MR)下土壤肥力的变化特征.结果表明:综合肥力指数(IFI)与作物相对产量显著相关,能较好地反映土壤肥力状况.3种土壤IFI均表现为NPK,NPKR>M,MR>CK,CKR,且均以NPKR处理最高,分别达到了0.77(花岗岩母质土壤)、0.71(第四纪红壤)和0.71(紫色砂页岩土壤),秸秆还田比秸秆不还田处理提高了6.72%～18.83%.3种母质土壤IFI均在熟化7年左右出现一个拐点;IFI的年增加速率表现为:紫色砂页岩土壤(0.016a-1)>第四纪红壤(0.011a-1)>花岗岩母质土壤(0.006a-1).有机无机肥配施和秸秆还田是快速提高南方红壤地区土壤肥力的重要措施.Based on the long-term （1982-2007） field experiment of ＂anthropogenic mellowing of raw soil＂ at the Qiyang red soil experimental station under Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,and by using numerical theory,this paper studied the variations of the fertility level of granite red soil,quaternary red soil,and purple sandy shale soil under six fertilization patterns.The fertilization patterns included non-fertilization （CK）,straw-returning without fertilizers （CKR）,chemical fertilization （NPK）,NPK plus straw-return （NPKR）,rice straw application （M）,and M plus straw-return （MR）.The soil integrated fertility index （IFI） was significantly positively correlated with relative crop yield,and could better indicate soil fertility level.The IFI values of the three soils all were in the order of NPK,NPKR M,MR CK,CKR,with the highest value in treatment NPKR （0.77,0.71,and 0.71 for granite red soil,quaternary red soil,and purple sandy shale soil,respectively）.Comparing with that in the treatments of no straw-return,the IFI value in the treatments of straw return was increased by 6.72%-18.83%.A turning point of the IFI for all the three soils was observed at about 7 years of anthropogenic mellowing,and the annual increasing rate of the IFI was in the sequence of purple sandy shale soil （0.016 a-1） quaternary red clay soil （0.011 a-1） granite red soil （0.006 a-1）.It was suggested that a combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers and/or straw return could be an effective and fast measure to enhance the soil fertility level in red soil region.

关 键 词：长期施肥 秸秆还田 生土熟化 综合肥力指数 作物相对产量 

分 类 号：S158.1[农业科学—土壤学]