欧洲李(Prunus domestica)及其近缘种的孢粉学研究  

Palynological study on Prunus domestica and its related species

作　　者：刘有春[1,2] 刘威生[2] 郁香荷[2] 孙猛[2] 刘宁[2] 章秋平[2] 张玉萍[2] 徐铭[2] 刘硕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161 [2]辽宁省果树科学研究所,辽宁营口115009

出　　处：《果树学报》2010年第4期526-532,共7页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：作物种质资源保护项目(NB08-2130135-03);国家科技基础条件平台重点项目(2005DK21002-19)

摘　　要：运用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)系统观察了李属(Prunus)欧洲李(P.domestica)及其近缘种共13份试材的花粉形态,并采用平均连锁法(average linkage)对花粉的9个数量性状和2个质量性状进行聚类分析。观察结果显示,供试欧洲李的花粉均为单粒花粉,中等大小,等极,辐射对称,极面观为近圆形或圆形,赤面观均为椭圆形,表面纹饰由不规则条脊和散落于条脊间的穿孔组成,与其近缘种差异显著。花粉具3-孔沟环状萌发孔(tri-colporate),属N3P4C5类型,仅在耶鲁尓品种观察到个别花粉具4条萌发沟。对孢粉数量指标进行方差分析,结果表明欧洲李花粉形态与其近缘种存在明显的差异。聚类分析将供试材料分为二组,即多倍体组和二倍体组,经分析认为野生欧洲李与黑刺李亲缘关系近,野生欧洲李可能包含了黑刺李的种质,而栽培欧洲李可能由野生欧洲李演化而来。最后根据花粉形态对李属供试种的演化进行了讨论。孢粉资料结合聚类分析是进行李属种间亲缘关系及演化途径研究的有效手段。Thirteen plum accessions representing Prunus domestica and its related species were investigated with scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and the cluster analysis using average linkage means was conducted with nine quantitative and two qualitative characters based on palynological data. The observed results showed that all pollen grains of P. domestica tested were isopolar, radially symmetrical, small to medium in size, circular or sub-cricular in polar views and elliptical in equatorial views, the ornamentation characterized by small perforations and irregular ridges, this was significantly different from that of its related species. Pollen was mostly tri-colporate and the aperture belonged to N3P4C5 type, except the tetracolporate observed in the individual pollen gains of Mt. Royal. The results of variance analysis for quantitative characters showed that there was significant difference in the pollen morphological characters between P. domestica and its related species. Cluster analysis divided all tested materials into two groups, e. g. the polyploid group and the diploid group. It was suggested that wild P. domestica had close relationship with P. spinosa, might contain the germplasm of P. spinosa, and the cultivaled P. domestica might originate from Wild P. domestica Finally, the evolution of Prunus species tested were discussed based on pollen morphology. This study demonstrated that palynology data incorporated with cluster analysis would have taxonomic value and be useful for elucidating the interspecies relationships of Prunus.

关 键 词：欧洲李与近缘种 孢粉学 亲缘关系 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]