压疮早期动物模型的制备及评价  

Making and evaluation of an animal model of early stage pressure ulcer

作　　者：王艳艳[1] 孙海琴[1] 张纯瑜[1] 涂倩[1] 孙艳[1] 姜丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]温州医学院护理学院,浙江温州325035

出　　处：《护理学杂志》2010年第14期1-5,共5页

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2008C33044)

摘　　要：目的为压疮动物模型的制备及实验方法提供实证依据。方法将48只SD雄性大鼠随机均分成六组各8只,均行10%水合氯醛麻醉后,对照组不予以压力,7.5 h后安乐死;实验A^E组采用特制压力装置对大鼠股薄肌处施压,A组给予13.73 kPa压强,B组给予19.97 kPa压强,C组给予22.47 kPa压强,D组给予28.71 kPa压强,E组给予34.96 kPa压强;五组均予3个缺血-再灌注循环后安乐死。肉眼观察大鼠受压部位皮肤颜色和形态,光镜下观察皮肤肌肉组织病理变化,测定肌肉组织中髓过氧化物酶(MPO)含量。结果 A组与对照组比较,皮肤肉眼观察无差别,光镜下皮肤层次欠清晰,皮下结缔组织和肌肉组织有轻度炎性反应;B组皮肤肉眼观察略有发红,光镜下皮下结缔组织和肌肉组织炎性反应较A组加重;C组肉眼观察出现持续性非苍白性发红,光镜下皮下结缔组织和肌肉组织炎性反应较B组加重,与临床典型的I期压疮相似;D、E两组肉眼观察充血反应和光镜下观察炎性反应呈逐渐加重趋势。各组MPO含量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);各实验组与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01);实验组两两比较,除B、C组外,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。结论大鼠肌肉组织在13.73 kPa压强下即发生轻度损伤,随着压力增大,损伤呈加重趋势;压力为19.97~22.47 kPa时损伤程度差异不大。可依据此动物模型进行压疮相关实验研究。Objective To provide information of animal model making and experimental methods for clinical workers to prevent early stage pressure ulcer.Methods Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups,with each group having 8 rats.All the rats were subjected to 10% chloral hydrate anesthesia.After that,the control group didn′t sustain any pressure at the gracilis muscle,and were sacrificed 7.5 h later.The other five groups were pressurized at the gracilis muscle with varied pressure： group A 13.73 kPa,group B 19.97 kPa,group C 22.47 kPa,group D 28.71 kPa and group E 34.96 kPa.All the rats in the five pressurized groups underwent 3 exactly the same cycles of ischemia-reperfusion and then were sacrificed mercifully.The color and morphology of the pressurized skin was observed grossly by naked eyes,and tissue was harvested for histology and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA）.Results The pressurized skin of group A seemed much the same as unpressurized skin of the control group by naked eyes;under optical microscopy,the pressurized skin of group A looked discursive,and the subcutaneous connective tissue and muscle had slight inflammation.The pressurized skin of group B slightly turned red by naked eyes,and the subcutaneous connective tissue and muscle had more severe inflammation than group A.The pressurized skin of group C presented persistent redness by naked eyes,and the subcutaneous connective tissue and muscle had more severe inflammation than group B,which was quite similar with typical stage one pressure ulcer.Skin hyperaemia became apparent in group D and E by naked eyes,and the inflammation of muscle and skin was aggravated in both groups.The content of myeloperoxidase（MPO） detected by ELISA showed significant differences among all groups,significant differences were also found between each experimental group and the control group（P0.01 for all）;multiple comparison showed significant differences among all experimental groups but the comparison between group B and C

关 键 词：压疮 大鼠 压力装置 缺血-再灌注损伤 动物模型 

分 类 号：R471[医药卫生—护理学] R331[医药卫生—临床医学]