氨氮胁迫对三疣梭子蟹酚氧化酶原系统和免疫指标的影响  

Effects of ammonia exposure on prophenoloxidase system and immune parameters of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus

作　　者：岳峰[1] 潘鲁青[1] 谢鹏[1] 李健[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2010年第4期761-770,共10页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家863计划项目(2006AA10A406);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-06-0597)

摘　　要：以三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)为研究对象,研究氨氮胁迫对其酚氧化酶原系统和免疫指标的影响。实验分0mg/L、1mg/L、5mg/L、20mg/L氨氮处理组,分别于0h、6h、12h、24h、48h取样并进行相关指标测定。结果表明:氨氮胁迫对三疣梭子蟹血淋巴多巴胺含量、血细胞数量、血细胞酚氧化酶原(proPO)活力和mRNA表达以及抗菌、溶菌活力的影响显著(P<0.05)。各处理组血淋巴多巴胺含量于6h达到最大值,12h后恢复至对照组水平;各处理组血细胞数量均呈明显下降趋势,除20mg/L氨氮处理组半颗粒细胞、总细胞数量表现为逐渐下降趋势外,其他处理组3类血细胞和总细胞数量分别于12h或24h时降至最低值,然后保持稳定。各处理组上述指标分别呈明显下降、升高、下降和峰值变化趋势,其中1mg/L处理组血细胞proPO活力在12h后恢复至对照组水平,而mRNA表达与对照组差异不显著,其他处理组血细胞proPO活力和mRNA表达分别于12h、6h后保持稳定;各处理组抗菌活力于6h或12h达到最小值,然后恢复至对照组水平,而溶菌活力在24h后趋于稳定,且1mg/L处理组与对照组无明显差异。各处理组血细胞数量、proPO活力、溶菌活力在稳定后均与氨氮浓度呈明显的负相关性,而血细胞proPO mRNA表达呈显著正相关性。由此可见,三疣梭子蟹在氨氮胁迫下血细胞数量、proPO活力和mRNA表达以及免疫指标表现出明显的时间剂量效应性,具有显著的免疫毒性效应。本研究旨在为三疣梭子蟹养殖水环境调控和病害防治提供基础依据。The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of ammonia on prophenoloxidase system and immune parameters of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus. The crabs were exposed to different ammonia levels：0 mg/L （nature seawater or control）,1 mg/L,5 mg/L and 20 mg/L NH4Cl for 48 h and sampled randomly at 0 h,6 h,12 h, 24 h and 48 h. The results indicated that ammonia exposure had a significant effect on dopamine（ DA） concentration, haemocyte count,proPO activity,proPO mRNA expression,antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities of the crabs （P〈 0.05）. DA concentration in haemolymph of the experimental groups increased until 6 h,then recovered to the same level as control after 12 h. Total haemocyte count（ THC） and differential haemocyte count（ DHC） decreased significantly. THC and semi-granular cell count of the crab exposed to 20 mg/L ammonia decreased during 48 h exposure time. The haemocyte count of the other groups decreased until 12 h or 24 h,and then became stable. The proPO activity,proPO mRNA level and bacteriolytic activity showed significant decrease,increase and decrease trends respectively during the 48 h exposure. The proPO activity of 1 mg/L group recovered to control level after 12 h,and no significant difference of mRNA expression was observed between 1 mg/L group and control. The activity of proPO and mRNA expression of 5 mg/L and 20 mg/L groups became stable at 12 h and 6 h. Bacteriolytic activities became stable after exposed to ammonia for 24 h,meanwhile,1 mg/L group recovered to control level. Antibacterial activity reached the minimum at 6 h or 12 h,having no significant difference with control. Haemocyte count,proPO activity and bacteriolytic activity in experimental groups were negatively related with ammonia concentration after stabilized,while proPO mRNA level showed a positive relation. It is concluded that ammonia exposure has the effects to decline the haemocyte count,proPO activity,proPO mRNA expression,antibacterial and bacteriolytic activities on crab P. tri

关 键 词：氨氮胁迫 三疣梭子蟹 酚氧化酶原系统 免疫指标 

分 类 号：S94[农业科学—水产养殖]