2007年春、夏季黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布  

Category composition and distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton in the Yellow River estuary during spring and summer 2007

作　　者：卞晓东[1] 张秀梅[1] 高天翔[1] 万瑞景[2] 张沛东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学海水养殖教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2010年第4期815-827,共13页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2005CB422306);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2006AA09Z418);我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项(908专项)项目(908-01-ST02)

摘　　要：2007年春季和夏季,利用浅水Ⅰ型浮游生物水平和垂直拖网对黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类组成与数量分布进行了调查。春季和夏季分别设置19个(6个断面)相同的调查站位。每站表层水平拖网10min,拖网速度为2.0nmile/h;垂直拖网由底到表,拖网速度约0.5m/s。调查结果表明:春季和夏季共采集鱼卵7661粒、仔稚鱼70尾,共18种,能鉴定到种的有17种,隶属于5目12科16属,其中1种虾虎鱼类的稚鱼仅能鉴别到科的水平。优势种为斑(Konosirus punctatus)、油(Sphyraena pinguis)、短吻红舌鳎(Cynoglossus joyneri)。春季的水平和垂直拖网分别采集6932粒鱼卵、6尾仔稚鱼和11粒鱼卵、0尾仔稚鱼。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的出现频率分别为84.21%、10.53%和15.79%、0%,平均密度分别为364.84粒/网、0.32尾/网和0.34粒/m3、0尾/m3;夏季水平和垂直拖网分别采集658粒鱼卵、57尾仔稚鱼和60粒鱼卵、7尾仔稚鱼,鱼卵、仔稚鱼的出现频率分别为84.21%、63.16%和31.58%、15.79%,平均密度分别为34.63粒/网、3尾/网和1.85粒/m3、0.22尾/m3。结果表明,黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类季节更替明显分成春夏季-夏季2种生态类型,种类更替率高达83.33%;河口南部海域鱼卵和仔稚鱼的群落结构相对较稳定,优势种突出,优势度较大,物种多样性水平与种间分布均匀度高于北部海域。上述规律符合该海域的水文地理学特征和硬骨鱼类的繁殖生物学规律。此外,本研究分别对春季和夏季鱼卵、仔稚鱼的数量分布以及斑、油、短吻红舌鳎等优势种类的鱼卵数量分布绘制了密度等值分布图。与1982-1983、1984-1985、1992-1993年同期调查结果比较发现,2007年春季和夏季黄河口海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种类组成与数量分布发生了显著变化。分析认为,在渔业捕捞压力和环境条件变化的双重扰动下,黄河口生态系统中鱼类资源的种群交替和群落结构发生了很大变化,从而导致资The categories composition and distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton surveys were carried out in waters of the Yellow River estuary in spring and summer 2007. In the investigated area,119 ° 05 ′ -119 ° 31 ′ E, 37 ° 35 ′ -37 ° 57 ′ N,19 fixed sampling stations（ 6 transects） were set up respectively. The distributional patterns of ichthyoplankton were investigated by horizontal tows associated with vertical tows with a zooplankton net（ mouth diameter 50 cm,140 cm in length,mesh size 0.50 mm）. The horizontal tows were at 5 min duration at a speed of 2.0 nmile/h on the sea surface,while the vertical tows were from surface to near-bottom at a speed of 0.5 m/s at each sampling station. According to the investigation results,7 661 eggs and 70 larvae of fishes belonging to 18 taxa were collected during spring and summer 2007,of which,17 taxa were identified as species,belonging to 16 genera, 12 families and 5 orders,1 taxa of gobiidae fishes as only family level. The preponderant species were Konosirus punctatus,Sphyraena pinguis and Cynoglossus joyneri. In late spring,a total of 6 943 eggs and 6 larval fishes were captured respectively. In the horizontal tows,6 932 eggs and 6 larvae were captured,and in the vertical tows,11 eggs and 0 larvae were captured. The occurrence frequencies of eggs and larvae were 84.21% and 10.53% in the horizontal tows,15.79% and 0% in the vertical tows,respectively. The average density of eggs and larvae were 364.84 ind/net and 0.32 ind/net respectively in the horizontal tows,and 0.34 ind/m3 and 0 ind/m3 in the vertical tows respectively. In summer,a total of 718 eggs and 64 larvae of fishes were captured respectively. In the horizontal tows 658 eggs and 57 larvae were captured,and in the vertical tows,60 eggs and 7 larvae were captured,respectively. The occurrence frequencies of eggs and larvae were 84.21% and 63.16% respectively in the horizontal tows,31.58% and 15.79% in the vertical tows. The average density of eggs and larvae were 34.63 ind/net and 3 ind/net res

关 键 词：鱼卵 仔稚鱼 黄河口 种类组成 数量分布 优势种 群落结构 水文地理学 

分 类 号：S93[农业科学—渔业资源]