长期定位施肥对潮土微生物活性和小麦养分吸收的影响  

Changes in Soil Microbial Activities and Nutrient Uptake of Wheat in Response to Fertilization Regimes in a Long-Term Field Experiment

作　　者：王俊华[1,2] 胡君利[1,2] 林先贵[1,2] 崔向超[1,2,3] 戴珏[1,2,3] 尹睿[1,2] 钦绳武[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 [2]南京土壤研究所-香港浸会大学土壤与环境联合开放实验室,江苏南京210008 [3]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第4期807-810,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(kzcx2-yw-408);中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(Kscx1-yw-09-05);国家重点基础研究发展规划"(973")项目(2005CB121108)资助

摘　　要：利用中国科学院封丘农业生态实验站农田生态系统养分平衡长期定位试验地,研究长期不同施肥对土壤微生物区系、土壤呼吸强度以及小麦养分吸收的影响。结果表明,施有机肥或无机肥均有利于提高土壤细菌和放线菌数量,且有机肥优于无机肥、平衡施肥优于缺素施肥,但只有施有机肥处理显著提高土壤真菌数量。此外,施有机肥也显著提高土壤呼吸强度,有机无机配施、NPK平衡施肥、NP、PK等处理效果次之,缺P施肥(NK处理)效果最差,但施有机肥或有机无机配施均会显著降低微生物个体的CO2呼吸强度。不同施肥处理小麦幼苗对养分N、P、K的吸收累积存在显著差异,其中施有机肥处理小麦对N、P、K的吸收较为均衡,而无机肥因为所供化学养分的速效性而更易于被小麦幼苗高水平吸收;与NPK平衡施肥处理相比,缺素(N、P或K)施肥均直接导致小麦植株体内相应养分的明显亏缺,且缺N施肥(PK处理)还同时制约了小麦对K素的吸收。A long-term located field for nutrients equipoise experiment in Fengqiu National Agro-ecological Experiment Station was used to investigate the effects of different fertilization on microflora and respiration rate in fluvo-aquic soils,as well as nutrient uptake of wheat plant.The experiment included seven treatments： organic manure（OM）,half organic manure plus half fertilizer（1/2OMN）,fertilizer NPK,fertilizer NP,fertilizer NK,fertilizer PK,and the control（CK,without fertilization）.Both soil bacterial population and actinomycetous population were significantly different with a similar pattern among fertilization regimes,and the order from higher to lower was OM,1/2OMN,NPK,NP,PK and NK,while only organic manure increased soil fungal population significantly.In addition,OM-fertilized soil had the highest soil respiration rate,1/2OMN,NPK,NP,PK took the second place,while P-deficiency fertilization（NK） took the worst.On the other hand,OM-fertilization decreased individual respiration rate of soil microbe significantly.Brilliance differences of plant nutrients were detected in young wheat plants from different fertilization regimes.OM-fertilized wheat assimilated N,P and K in a balanced and middling level,while other wheat assimilated these nutrients more easily from mineral fertilizer with quick result character.Compared to balanced mineral fertilization（NPK）,N-deficiency resulted in significant decrease（P〈0.05） of total N and K contents in young wheat plants,P-deficiency and K-deficiency resulted in significant decrease（P〈0.05） of total P and K contents,respectively.

关 键 词：长期定位施肥 土壤微生物区系 土壤呼吸强度 小麦养分吸收 有机肥料 无机肥料 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]