有机土栽培和土壤栽培番茄根际基质微生物和酶活性的比较  

Microbial and Enzyme Activities in Tomato Rhizosphere with Organic Soil Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse

作　　者：陈双臣[1] 刘爱荣[1] 贺超兴[2] 邹志荣[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学林学院,河南洛阳471003 [2]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所,北京100081 [3]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第4期815-818,共4页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD07B04);国家自然科学基金(30700002);省教育厅自然科学基金(2008B210002;2009B210004)资助

摘　　要：以腐熟玉米秸、麦秸、菇渣、锯末等农产废弃物等作为基质,添加有机肥和土壤,配成含有不同基质的有机土,并以一般土壤加有机肥作为对照,进行番茄栽培试验,以探讨不同基质中微生物数量、活性变化和土壤酶活性。结果表明,不同基质中真菌、放线菌总数、硝化细菌、纤维素分解菌总量有较大差别,且随番茄的生长时间呈增加趋势。以硝化细菌、氨化细菌所占比例最大,为优势类群,其次为真菌。不同有机土栽培下土壤微生物活度呈先增加后降低的趋势,土壤酶活性存在着明显的差异,脲酶、纤维素酶和磷酸酶活性分别高出土壤栽培4.76%～147.6%、11.48%～101.6%、14.29%～189.3%。有机土栽培较土壤栽培可有效增加微生物数量和酶活性,番茄根际生物活性受其生长发育进程和基质性状的双重影响。Organic medium cultivation system was a new technique characterized by low cost,easy operation and fitting Chinese national conditions.In order to investigate microorganisms＇ quantities and enzyme activities,an experiment was conducted using organic substrate culture added with corn stalk,wheat straw,mushroom residue or saw dust and dry dung.The results showed that there were great differences with the amount of fungi,actinomyces,nitrifiers,ammonifi and cellulolytic bacteria in different substrates,and obviously increased with the development of tomato.The advantages of microorganisms were denitrifying bacteria and hydrazine bacteria.Microbial activity were increased first but decreased after planting for 110 days.T3 behaved the highest of microorganisms quantities and enzyme activities compared to the other treatments.Urease activities,cellulose activities and phosphatase activities were enhanced by 4.76%-147.6%,11.48%-101.6% and 14.29%-189.3%,respectively.The microbial quantities and enzyme activities could be improved efficiently with increasing of soil organic matter.In conclusion,the number of rhizosphere microorganisms and enzyme activities were affected by both the development of tomato and soil proporties.It was also demonstrated that the most suitable organic soil formula was manure： corn stalk： sawdust= 1∶2∶1 among the treatments.

关 键 词：有机土 番茄 根际微生物 酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]