不同控释尿素配合对大棚番茄的产量和品质效应  

Greenhouse Tomato's Yield and Quality Influenced by Applying Urea with Different Forms

作　　者：马生发[1] 王正旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]陇东学院农林科技学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第4期916-922,共7页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：甘肃省庆阳市科技攻关项目(GDK031-1-5);陇东学院自然基金项目(Szzk0312)

摘　　要：在番茄上以不同控释期的控释尿素及不同混料配合作为处理,采用单形重心设计方法,处理均对番茄产量和品质有明显影响。结果表明:大棚番茄施用控释尿素均有增产效果,以D90控释尿素产量最高,增产率为61.6%,对品质的影响顺序为:D90>D60>D30>U。通过数学模拟,最优肥料形态搭配为:每公顷纯氮实际用量为x1(U)=180.0 kgx,2(D30)=30 kgx,3(D60)=30 kg,x4(D90)=60 kg的四种肥料配合方案,预测最高产量最高,可达103.07 t hm-2。D30-D60-D90、U-D30-D60-D90两种混合方案利于优质高产,特别是增施控释尿素能有效降低番茄果实硝酸盐的含量。增施控释尿素能明显提高氮素利用率,混料尤为显著,开辟了提高养分利用率的一条新途径。效益分析表明:控释尿素虽然价格较高,但由于省工,利用率高,经济效益反而显著提高,尤以D30-D60混合明显,每公顷增加经济收入为8.07万元。Adopting single shape weight design method,the treatments with different forms and mixture of urea were used in the tomato,each treatment had obvious influences on tomato yield and quality.The results showed that tomato in greenhouse could increase in production by applying compound urea,the best was the form of D90 with the maximum production rate of 61.6%,the quality order： D90〉D60〉D30〉U.Through the simulation of mathematics,the optimum fertilizer form was： The actual consumption of pure nitrogen per hectare was x1（U） =180.0kg,x2（D30） =30 kg,x3（D60） =30kg,it was predicted that the maximum production of the scheme of（D90） =40kg could reach 103.07 thm-2.The two kinds of mixture,D30-D60-D90,U-D30-D60-D had the advantages of high yield,particularly the increased use of the controlled release urea could reduce the nitrate accumulation in tomato.Applying the controlled release urea could improve the utilization ratio of nitrogen,especially the compounds,which is a new way to improve nutrient utilization ratio.Benefit analysis showed that although the controlled-release urea was expensive,it was saving labor and the high utilization efficiency,The significant profit was in the mixture of D30-D60 with the increase of economic income for 80,700 yuan per hectare.

关 键 词：尿素 配合 大棚番茄 产量 品质 效应 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]