土壤侵蚀评价遥感研究进展  

A Review of Remote Sensing Application in Soil Erosion Assessment

作　　者：张喜旺[1] 周月敏[1] 李晓松[1] 袁超[1] 闫娜娜[1] 吴炳方[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院遥感应用研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《土壤通报》2010年第4期1010-1017,共8页Chinese Journal of Soil Science

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重大项目(KZCX1-YW-08-03);水利部;官厅密云水库上游水土保持遥感监测二期工程(HW-STB2004-03)资助

摘　　要：土壤侵蚀是世界范围内最重要的土地退化问题,对全世界范围内的农作物产量,土壤结构和水质产生负面影响,因此,对侵蚀进行适当评估,了解其空间分布以及侵蚀程度,对政策的制定、治理措施的实施都具有非常重要的指导作用。以遥感在土壤侵蚀中的应用为主线,介绍国内外多种土壤侵蚀评价方法,包括定性的判断和定量的计算。认为虽然遥感因其具有大面积重复观测能力,已经渗透到各种研究方法中,但无论是定性的方法还是定量的方法,遥感往往仅作为数据进行输入,而遥感的潜力并没有得到充分的发挥,遥感多源多时相的能力并没有得到充分的应用。目的是使今后的研究更加重视遥感的空间分析和动态监测能力,以及多源多时相的特性,使遥感真正在方法论上发挥其在土壤侵蚀监测中的重要作用。Soil erosion is a process that detaches and transports soil substantiality and is the most important land degradation problem worldwide. It has become a social problem all over the world. Soil erosion creates negative environmental impacts and high economic costs by its effect on agricultural production, infrastructure and water quality, directly affecting human＇s living quality, and fills up rivers, lakes and ponds through sediment action, directly threatening human＇s safety. So, it is very important to properly assess soil erosion. A lot of soil erosion assessment methods have been researched by specialists in the world, including qualitative methods determining soil erosion risk of erosion region and quantitative methods detecting the accurate erosion rates or the amount of soil erosion of erosion region. Many new soil erosion assessment methods continually emerge and many new technologies are applied, such as nucleus element tracer, multi-temporal DEM, manpower Neural Network, with the development of technology and erosion mechanism study in the soil erosion. Remote sensing provides homogeneous data over large regions with a regular revisit capability, and can deeply investigate earth surface features and their change, therefore is used widely in each assessment methods. However, it is only taken as input of model in many situations, instead of methodology. The objective of this paper is to review the methods applied for erosion assessment using remote sensing. Spatial analysis and dynamic monitor ability of remote sensing will play important roles in erosion assessment.

关 键 词：土壤侵蚀 遥感 DEM GIS 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S157[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]