接种甲型肝炎疫苗后的流行病学和血清学效果分析  

Analysis on Epidemiological and Serum Effect after Vaccination of Hepatitis A Vaccine(HepA)

作　　者：李建平[1] 高志霞 周健[1] 王桂爱[1] 

机构地区：[1]潍坊市疾病预防控制中心,山东潍坊261041 [2]潍坊市第六人民医院,山东潍坊261011

出　　处：《中国疫苗和免疫》2010年第3期238-240,共3页Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization

摘　　要：目的分析实施甲型肝炎(甲肝)疫苗(Hepatitis A Vaccine,HepA)预防接种后的流行病学和血清学效果。方法从1992年开始,在潍坊市1～14岁儿童中接种HepA,1996年将1岁儿童HepA接种纳入计划免疫管理。应用酶联免疫吸附试验抽样检测抗甲肝病毒lgG抗体(Antibody to Hepatitis A Virus,Anti-HAV lgG),分析接种HepA前后的血清学效果。结果 1998年全市1～14岁儿童累计接种率近80%,2001年后接种率>90%,1岁儿童接种率>95%。接种HepA后甲肝发病率呈持续下降趋势,全人群发病率由1992年的25.96/10万下降到1994年的6.38/10万,2002年以后<1/10万,2007年甲肝发病率比1992年下降了98.10%,改变了甲肝的流行病学规律。对接种HepA后7个相同年龄组Anti-HAV阳性率进行了调查,提高了整个人群Anti-HAV阳性率。结论以1～14岁人群为主的HepA免疫策略,经十多年的运行证明,有较好的流行病学和血清学效果。Objective To implement HepA vaccination and analyze epidemiological and serum effect.MethodsThe children from 1 to 14 years old were vaccinated HepA since 1992 and the HepA has been integrated into EPI to the children aged 1 year in 1996.The enzyme linked immunnosortbent assay（ELISA） was used to detect Anti-Hepatitis A Virus lgG Antibody（Anti-HAV） to analyze serum effect.ResultHepA coverage rate from 1 to 14 years old was 80% in 1998,and it was90%after the year of 2001.The coverage of 1 year old children was 95%.The incidence rate of Hepatitis A reduced continuously.The incidence of whole population reduced from 25.96/100.000 in 1992 to 6.38/100.000 in 1994.In 2007,the incidence of Heptitis A decreased 98.10%compared with the incidence of the year of 1992.Epidemiological feature of Hepatitis A was changed.The positive rate of Anti-HAV was increased after vaccination of Hepatitis A Vaccine.ConclusionThe vaccination strategy for 1 to 14 years old had obviously epidemiological and serum effect.

关 键 词：甲型肝炎 甲型肝炎疫苗 预防接种 效果分析 

分 类 号：R512.61[医药卫生—内科学] R816[医药卫生—临床医学]