平贝母传粉生物学及繁育系统的研究  

Pollination Biology and Breeding System of Fritillaria ussuriensis Maxim

作　　者：张晓军[1] 崔大练[1] 宗宪春[1] 任如意[1] 魏继承[1] 司徒琳莉[1] 张永乐[1] 

机构地区：[1]牡丹江师范学院生物系,黑龙江牡丹江157012

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2010年第7期1404-1408,共5页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目(10553099);黑龙江省教育厅骨干教师资助项目(1153G046)

摘　　要：用TTC法测定花粉的活力,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头的可授性,通过实地观测访花者、套袋实验、花粉-胚珠比(P/O比)的估算及花粉粒形态的观察研究了平贝母的传粉特性及繁育系统类型.结果表明,平贝母的花粉活力在开花后2～5d可达90%以上,6d后有所减弱,10d后仍有71.3%的花粉保持活力.柱头的可授期约持续8d,在开花后3～4d柱头的可授性最强,5d以后可授性逐渐减弱.平贝母的繁育系统是以自花传粉为主,虫媒异花传粉为辅的兼性自交.研究结果为平贝母的品种选育、杂交育种、引种栽培及物种保育提供了理论和技术依据,为深入研究贝母属植物的演化提供了生殖生态学依据.Pollen viability was evaluated by TTC.The stigma receptivity was estimated by benzidine-H2O2.Pollination characteristics and breeding system were checked by investigating the pollinators on the spot,bagging experiment,pollen-ovule ratios （P/O） and observing Pollen morphology with scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that pollen viability of Fritillaria ussuriensis was more than 90% during the period from the second day to the fifth day after flowering.Pollen viability decreased after the sixth day,and 71.3% pollen still kept viability after the tenth day.Stigma receptivity could last about 8 days,and was in the strongest condition on the third and fourth day after blooming,then decreased after the fifth day.The breeding system was facultative autogamy which relied mainly on self-pollination,supplemented by anthophilous cross-pollination.The results provides the theory and technology basis for breed selection,hybridization breeding,introduction cultivation and species conservation of Fritillaria ussuriensis,provides some data in reproductive ecology for further study on evolution and the phylogeny of Fritillaria plants in Liliaceae.

关 键 词：平贝母 花粉活力 柱头可授性 传粉特性 繁育系统 

分 类 号：Q944.4[生物学—植物学]