职业与妊娠经过和生殖结局关系的探讨  

Studies on Relationship between Occupation and Pregnancy Outcome

作　　者：保毓书[1,2,3] 胡永华[1,2,3] 符绍莲[1,2,3] 张敬旭[1,2,3] 张帆[1,2,3] 王晓莉[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京医科大学劳动卫生教研室 [2]北京医科大学流行病学教研室 [3]北京医科大学妇幼卫生系

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》1999年第1期30-33,共4页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的研究妇女孕期所从事的职业对生殖结局（包括妊娠结局和新生儿情况）及妊娠和分娩并发症的影响。方法应用医院产科记录，结合随访调查。资料来源于北京市８个医院１９９２年５月～１９９３年４月期间分娩的１２２２４名初产妇的产科记录以及于产妇出院前进行随访调查的记录。经ｌｏ－ｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析，调整了孕时年龄、孕期吸烟、饮酒和自然流产史等潜在的混杂因素后，按职业类别对其妊娠经过和生殖结局进行分析。结果工人中，妊娠高血压综合征、低出生体重、宫内发育迟缓及产后出血的发生率显著高于平均水平。专业技术人员中先兆流产、妊娠贫血、死胎死产、宫缩无力，农民中过期产、新生儿窒息，家庭妇女中低出生体重，办事人员中妊娠贫血，管理工作人员中宫缩无力等的发生率，显著高于平均水平。结论妇女孕期从事的职业与不良妊娠经过和生殖结局之间有一定关联。Objective To study the effects of maternal occupation on reproductive outcomes, including pregnancy outcome and neonatal status, and complications of pregnancy and delivery. Methods Data were extracted from 12 224 obstetric records of eight hospitals in Beijing, and all the subjects recruited in the study were interviewed before discharge during from May 1992 to April 1993. Pregnancy and reproductive outcomes were analyzed according to their occupational classifications, adjusted for the potential confounding factors, such as age, smoking and drinking during pregnancy and history of spontaneous abortion. Results Incidence rates of pregnancy induced hypertention, low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation and postpartum hemorrhage were higher in the workers than that of the average levels. Incidence rates of thretened abortion, gestational anemia, stillbirth and uterine atony in professional persons, of prolonged pregnancy and neonatal asphyxia in farmers, of low birth weight in housewives, of gestational anemia and of uterine atony in administrative persons all were higher than the average levels. Conclusion Occupation undertaken by pregnant women was associated with the adverse pregnancy and reproductive outcomes to certain extent.

关 键 词：职业 妊娠结局 妊娠并发症 女性 

分 类 号：R714.25[医药卫生—妇产科学] R181.31[医药卫生—临床医学]