栽培方式对玉米群体结构的调控效应  

The Effects of Cultivation Ways on Population Structure of Maize

作　　者：齐华[1] 梁熠[1] 赵明[2] 王敬亚[1] 吴亚男[1] 刘明[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院,辽宁沈阳110866 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《华北农学报》2010年第3期134-139,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2009CB118601);国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD02A13-4-5)

摘　　要：研究了不同栽培方式对春玉米群体结构调控效益的影响,旨在通过栽培方式的调控,构建合理的玉米冠层微环境,提高群体生产力,为玉米高产实践提供理论依据。试验结果表明:合理的宽窄行搭配(Tr3:76 cm×38 cm)与等行距种植相比较,株型下部平展,上部叶片紧凑,使玉米植株形态得到优化,有利于光的截获和光能的利用。增强了群体内的通风透光能力,在宽行和窄行测定中Tr3穗位下层的透光率分别比等行种植高76.1%和25.7%,穗位层的透光率与等行相比也有显著差异,辐射分布得到改善,尤其是增加了植株中下部的透光率,提高光能利用率;冠层内CO2浓度表现为穗位上部>穗位下部>穗位中部,宽窄行与等行距种植在穗位及穗位下层的CO2分布存在差异且达到显著水平。叶绿素、叶面积指数、光合势在花后维持在一个较高水平且后期下降缓慢,成熟期干物质积累量高于其他处理;而同为宽窄行处理,Tr1和Tr2由于空间水平结构配置不合理,个体间竞争激烈,导致光和CO2分布不合理,持绿性降低,叶片衰老加快,干物质积累不足,最终导致产量较低。Taken different cultivation ways of maize as research object.The relationships between population structure and light,CO2 distribution,photosynthetic characteristics and properties of productivity were studied basically by means of crop growth analysis method.The results indicated that there were significant differences among different treatments,canopy structure was optimized,it had smaller stem-leaf angle in the upper side and has bigger in under side,the distribution of leaf angle and LOV of Tr3（Tr3： 76 cm ×38 cm） were more reasonable,which made it inter-cept more sunlight and CO2.The LAI and LAD of Tr3 maximized later than other treatments,but had a longer duration and descended more slowly in later stage.The accumulation of dry matter of Tr3 was more than other treatments after malle trail stage,which made for higher HI.To get benefit from the better canopy structure,maintained higher chloro-phyll content and reasonable LAI and LAD,Tr3 experienced higher yield was that from full flowering to late,and had higher photosynthetic productivity.

关 键 词：栽培方式 群体结构 玉米 群体光分布 产量性状 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]