中国环境保护事业60年  

China's Environmental Protection of Past Sixty Years Since 1949

作　　者：张坤民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学环境科学与工程系,北京100084 [2]中国人民大学环境学院,北京100872

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第6期1-5,共5页China Population,Resources and Environment

摘　　要：在总结建国初期及起步阶段环境问题及环保工作的基础上,本文分析了我国改革开放时期环境保护事业的发展与环境政策的形成:环境保护的战略地位不断提升,环境法律法规与管理制度不断完善,环境保护同环境破坏艰难博弈,环境外交与环境保护参与综合决策,落实科学发展观与建设生态文明。中国环境政策的特点是:充分运用命令-控制手段;努力筹集环境保护资金;明确保护环境的责任;鼓励"防治结合"和"综合利用";较早体现对外开放和国际合作。文章归纳了中国环境政策的演变过程,地位从基本国策到可持续发展战略,重点从偏重污染控制到污染控制与生态保护并重,方法从末端治理到源头控制,范围从点源治理到流域和区域的环境治理,手段从以行政命令为主导到以法律、经济手段为主导。指出发展低碳经济,建设生态文明是环境保护的出路和目标。Based on environmental protection in initial stage and development stage of People＇s Republic of China,the article analyzed development of environmental protection and forming of environmental policies in the period of reform and opening-up： strategic position of environmental protection has been improved,environmental law and regulation and administration system have been completed,environmental protection have struggled with environmental damage,environmental diplomacy and environmental protection have been involved into comprehensive decision making,and scientific development view and ecological civilization have been implemented.China＇s environmental policy has characteristics as follows： fully use the ＂order-control＂ tool;collect environmental protection funds;determine the responsibility of environmental protection;advocate ＂combination of preparation and treatment＂ and ＂comprehensive utilization＂;carry out opening-up and international cooperation early.The article summarized evolution process of China＇s environmental policies： the position of environmental protection has been changed from the basic national policy to sustainable development strategy;the key of environmental protection has been changed from pollution control to pollution control and ecological protection;the method has been changed from the end treatment to the beginning control;the range has been changed from point source treatment to watershed and regional environmental treatment;the tool has been changed from administrative order playing a leading role to law and economic tool playing a leading role.The article pointed out that developing low carbon economy and constructing ecological civilization are the path and the goal of environmental protection.

关 键 词：环境保护 环境政策 演变 60年 

分 类 号：X3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]