日本新能源产业发展及其与中国的比较  

Japanese New Energy Industry and Sino-Japan Comparison

作　　者：陈伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学经济学研究所,北京100084 [2]国家发改委经济体制与管理研究所,北京100035

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2010年第6期103-110,共8页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家发展和改革委员会宏观经济研究院赴日访问交流项目

摘　　要：本文目的是对日本新能源产业进行全面分析并与中国进行比较,以从中总结出可供中国借鉴的经验教训。文章首先比较分析日本和中国新能源产业的发展历程与现状,指出起步较早的日本目前在新能源产业的生产和推广方面都在逐步丧失领先地位,2010年的发展目标将很难实现,而中国的新能源产业展现出明显的后发优势,进入新世纪以来取得了超预期增长。但是,中日两国的新能源产业发展都面临着高成本、入网难两个短期难以逾越的障碍。文章分析了问题形成的根源,并比较了中日两国为克服这些障碍所采取的补贴、税收和监管等政策措施,通过比较发现,中国的新能源产业发展政策的设计更完善,但在政策执行力方面中国与日本还存在一定差距。最后,文章提出了中国发展新能源产业的政策建议,指出中国应在保持政策连续性的基础上推进市场化改革、增强政策协调性、促进行业优化重组。本研究对于我国积极建设低碳经济、加快发展新能源产业具有重要的政策启示意义。The article makes a comprehensive analysis of Japan＇s new energy industry and compares it with China,in order to identify some policy messages for China.The article firstly introduces the historical development processes of new energy industries in Japan and China,and suggests that Japan＇s new energy industry,which is the forerunner in the world,has been losing its leadership,while China displayed evident ＂later development superiority＂ with an unexpected growth since 2001.The industries in two countries,however,are facing the similar tough hurdles such as high cost and networking obstacles.The article analyzes the reasons and compares the counter measures by governments in the forms of subsidy,tax credit and regulation.One of the findings from policy comparison is that the holistic policy design is better in China,while there is more mature policy implementation mechanism in Japan.Finally,it gives some policy suggestions on new energy introduction for China including enhancing the role of market mechanism,improving the policy coordination,and promoting structural adjustment, on the basis of keeping policy consistency.The article would be of some importance for the development of low carbon economy and acceleration of new energy introduction in China.

关 键 词：新能源 新能源产业 日本 中日比较 

分 类 号：C921.2[社会学—人口学]