行株距配置对不同穗型冬小麦品种光合特性及产量结构的影响  

Effects of Allocations of Row-Spacing on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Structure of Winter Wheat Cultivars with Different Spike Types

作　　者：李娜娜[1] 李慧[1] 裴艳婷[1] 石玉华[1] 田奇卓[1] 谢连杰[1] 王树亮[1] 刘鑫[1] 徐凤娇[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第14期2869-2878,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家粮食丰产科技工程(2006BAD02A09);山东省资源节约型社会科技支撑体系专项(2006JY06)

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同行株距配置对两种穗型小麦品种生育后期光合特性及产量的影响,为不同类型品种超高产栽培的行株距配置提供理论依据。【方法】以中多穗型济麦20和大穗型山农8355为材料,探讨5种行株距配置对产量构成及生育后期光合、衰老特性等指标的调控作用。【结果】均等行株距和窄行宽株距可显著提高孕穗至花后7d的叶面积系数和群体净光合速率。旗叶净光合速率随着行距扩大和株距的缩小而提高,且提高幅度随着时间推移逐渐增加。不同行株距处理的抗氧化酶活性与旗叶光合速率变化趋势一致,与丙二醛含量相反。大穗型山农8355灌浆中后期抗衰特性和光合速率优于中多穗型济麦20。光合速率与籽粒产量的相关不显著,群体光合速率与产量构成三因素的相关显著性因生育进程而呈现较大差异,群体与旗叶光合速率自开花14d开始呈显著正相关。【结论】行株距配置可有效调控小麦产量构成三因素并最终影响籽粒产量;宽行窄株距可改善生育后期光合特性,延缓衰老;实现高产的最佳行株距配置依品种类型而异。【Objective】 The objectives of this study were to investigate the influences of row-spacing on photosynthetic characteristics and yield structure of two winter wheat cultivars with different spikes types to provide a theoretical basis for super-high-yield wheat cultivation.【Method】 Field experiments were conducted from 2006 to 2008 to study the regulatory effect of five different allocations of row-spacing on grain yield components,photosynthesis and senescence characteristics using two different wheat cultivars including JM 20,a multiple-spike cultivar and SN 8355,a large-spike cultivar.Ten-treatment combinations were arranged in a completely randomized block design with three replicates.【Result】 The results showed that the equal and narrow row-spacing increased the canopy apparent photosynthesis（CAP） and leaf area index（LAI） from spike-forming to 7 days after anthesis,and then the relationship reversed.Wide spacing form had higher flag leaves photosynthetic rate（Pn） than other treatments,and the increased range was gradually getting biger over time.The antioxidative enzymes activity had a similar trend with Pn in different treatments of row-spacing,but had an opposite trend with MDA.SN 8355 delayed senescencing and the photosynthetic rate was better than JM 20 at the later period of grain-filling.The correlation between photosynthetic rate and grain yield was not significant,and it showed a great difference between CAP and yield components at different growth stages.Pn and CAP had a significant positive correlation from 14 days after anthesis.【Conclusion】 The row-spacing could adjust yield components and finally affect the grain yield.Wide row-spacing could improve the photosynthesis characteristics and delay the senescence.Different varieties have to match with different row-spacing allocations to reach their maximal yields.

关 键 词：冬小麦 行株距配置 品种类型 群体光合 产量构成 相关性 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]