菊花花器性状杂种优势与混合遗传分析  

Heterosis and Mixed Genetic Analysis of Inflorescence Traits of Chrysanthemum

作　　者：张飞[1] 陈发棣[1] 房伟民[1] 陈素梅[1] 李风童[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学园艺学院,南京210085

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2010年第14期2953-2961,共9页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30871724)

摘　　要：【目的】花器是菊花观赏价值的最直观表现,了解花器性状的杂种优势和遗传基础以指导菊花育种实践。【方法】以单瓣型秋菊品种‘雨花落英’为母本和重瓣性高的夏菊品种‘奥运含笑’为父本配制F1杂种,调查F1世代6个花器性状在2008-2009两个年度的表型资料,运用单个分离世代的主基因+多基因混合遗传模型,对6个花器性状进行遗传分析。【结果】6个花器性状均存在一定的杂种优势,除管状花数外,花径、舌状花数、舌状花长、舌状花宽和心花直径5个花器性状的中亲优势值均达极显著水平,其中亲优势率分别为-3.19%,-25.17%,-4.46%,-12.81%和5.06%。舌状花长和舌状花宽2个性状无主基因控制;花径符合A-1模型,主基因加性效应(0.618)大于显性效应(0.168);舌状花数符合B-2模型,第一对主基因加性效应(24.575)大于第二对(13.120),显性效应均为0;管状花数符合A-4模型,主基因表现为负向完全显性;心花直径符合表现为加性效应的两对主基因控制的B-3模型。花径、舌状花数、管状花数和心花直径4个花器性状的主基因遗传率分别为66.69%,80.99%,58.24%和56.49%,属于高度遗传力。【结论】杂种优势和超亲分离现象普遍存在,其中花径、舌状花数、舌状花长和舌状花宽4个性状的杂种优势存在显性效应;在花径、舌状花数、管状花数和心花直径4个性状上存在主基因控制且多表现为加性遗传效应,这些主基因存在的发现为菊花花器性状的QTL定位分析和分子标记辅助育种的深入研究奠定了理论基础。【Objective】 Inflorescence traits are an effective representation of ornamental merit in chrysanthemum.Heterosis and genetic analysis of inflorescence traits will provide an invaluable guidance for the breeding program of chrysanthemum with excellent ornamental traits.【Method】 In this study,inheritance and heterosis analysis were carried out for 6 inflorescence traits of chrysanthemum based on phenotypic data in 2008-2009 of 142 F1 population derived from autumn-flowering chrysanthemum cultivar ＇Yuhualuoying＇ with single flowers（female parent） and summer-flowering chrysanthemum cultivar ＇Aoyunhanxiao＇ with double flowers（male parent） using single generation segregation analysis method of major gene plus polygene mixed genetic model.【Result】 Compared with mid-parent value（MPV）,the heterosis value of mid-parent（Hm） for the inflorescence traits of flower head diameter,ray floret number,ray floret length,ray floret width and center flower diameter,except tubular floret number,showed a significant difference degree at 0.01 level,and the ratio of heterosis value of mid-parents（RHm） for the first five traits were-3.19%,-25.17%,-4.46%,-12.81%,and 5.06%,respectively.The mixed genetic analysis revealed that there was no major gene detected for ray floret length and width,and flower diameter was fitting A-1 model with additive effect（0.618） larger than its dominant effect（0.168）;ray floret number accorded with B-2 model with additive-dominant effect,additive effect of the first major gene（24.575） was larger than that of the second（13.120） and the dominant effect of the two was null;tubular floret number was fitting A-4 model with negatively complete dominant effect;center flower diameter were apt to B-3 model with additive effect.The heritability of major gene for the four inflorescence traits of flower diameter,ray floret number,tubular floret number and center flower diameter were 66.69%,80.99%,58.24% and 56.49%,respectively.【Conclusion】 The heterosis and transgre

关 键 词：菊花 花器性状 杂种优势 主基因+多基因 遗传分析 

分 类 号：S682.11[农业科学—观赏园艺]