喀斯特石漠化地区土壤地下漏失的机理研究--以贵州普定县陈旗小流域为例  

The mechanism of underground leakage of soil in karst rocky desertification areas——A case in Chenqi small watershed,Puding,Guizhou Province

作　　者：唐益群[1,2,3] 张晓晖[1,2] 周洁[1,2] 佘恬钰 杨坪[1,2,3] 王建秀[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室,上海200092 [2]同济大学地下建筑与工程系,上海200092 [3]教育部城市环境与可持续发展联合研究中心,上海200092

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2010年第2期121-127,共7页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)“西南喀斯特山地石漠化与适应性生态系统调控子课题‘西南喀斯特山地土壤侵蚀过程与水土流失危险度评价’”(No.2006CB403203);上海市重点学科(地质工程)建设项目(编号:B308)

摘　　要：土壤的地下漏失是喀斯特石漠化地区一种特殊的水土流失方式。本文以喀斯特石漠化严重地区——贵州普定县陈旗小流域为例,阐明了土壤地下漏失的过程及其机理。研究结果表明喀斯特地区特殊的地质环境为土壤的地下漏失创造了有利的空间条件;地表降水的大量渗漏为土壤的地下漏失提供了侵蚀的水动力条件;风干的土壤团聚体遇水易崩解,离散出的细粒物质可沿土间孔隙和岩溶裂隙向地下空间迁移;岩溶洞隙内填积的粘土在流水的浸润软化下呈可塑、软塑甚至流塑状,可向其下的溶洞、地下河蠕滑搬运,最终导致地表土壤漏失。The underground leakage of soil is a special type of soil and water erosion in karst rocky desertification areas.Based on a case study in the Chenqi small watershed-a serious karst rocky desertification area,the process and mechanism of underground leakage of soil is illustrated.The results show that special geologic and environmental conditions in the karst area provide favorable transport channel and accommodation space for underground leakage of soil.Substantial leakage of surface precipitation is the force for soil leakage toward underground.The disintegration of the aggregate into the finer particles makes the soil leak easier to move along the soil pores and the rock fissures and goes down into underground.In conditions of the infiltrating and softening by the water,the soils that deposited in the karst fissures or caves become more plastic and are able to creep along the soil-rock interface and migrate to the underground river which leads to the leakage of the surface soil.This study is expected to provide a theoretical support for the soil and water conservation in karst rocky desertification areas.

关 键 词：喀斯特石漠化地区 土壤地下漏失 团聚体 蠕滑迁移 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]