贵州喀斯特矿区废弃地土壤环境问题的现状及治理对策  

Actuality and countermeasures of the edatope problem in karst mining derelict land in Guizhou Province

作　　者：张一修[1] 王济[1] 张浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳55001

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2010年第2期128-133,共6页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD89803);贵州省教育厅自然科学研究项目(黔教科[2008013])

摘　　要：分析贵州喀斯特矿区及矿山废弃地的分布、开发与利用现状,得出矿区废弃土地生态环境主要存在以下问题:(1)重金属污染严重。研究发现赫章等地土壤中锌含量达到162.23～877.88 m g/kg,铅为37.24～305.56 m g/kg,镉为0.50～16.43 m g/kg,大大超过当地土壤的背景值;(2)生境干旱;(3)水土流失加剧。据调查,贵州矿山土壤的平均侵蚀模数一般都高达5 000～15 000 t/(km2.a);(4)生物多样性差。进而介绍矿区污染土壤的修复和复垦现状,并提出贵州喀斯特矿区废弃地土壤环境治理的关键问题及相关研究技术:喀斯特矿山土壤改良机制研究;植物—微生物综合治理手段研究;循环利用技术研究。According to the analysis on the distribution and development as well as using status of the karst mining derelict land in Guizhou Province,it is found that there are four edatope problems：（1） serious heavy metal pollution,such as the Zn content gets up to 162.23～877.88 mg/kg,Pb 37.24～305.56 mg/kg and Cd 0.50～16.43 mg/kg in Hezhang and some other regions,which have significantly surpass the local background level;（2）drought habitat;（3）intensifying soil loss,with average erosion modulus up to 5 000～15 000 t/km2.a in most case according to the investigation;（4）low bio-diversity.The actuality of the rehabilitation and reclaimation to the derelict land are also introduced in the paper.Furthermore,the key problems and related technique needed to be studied for the harness of edatope problem in karst mining derelict land in Guizhou,such as amelioration for soil,synthetic botanic and microbial harnessing methods,recycling techniques etc.are put forth.

关 键 词：喀斯特矿区 废弃土地 土壤环境问题 土壤修复 贵州 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]