旱作农业节水灌溉技术  

Water-saving Irrigation Technology in Dry Farming

作　　者：李德顺[1] 刘明[1] 齐华[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳市农业科学院,沈阳110033

出　　处：《农业科技与装备》2010年第6期104-105,107,共3页Agricultural Science & Technology and Equipment

基　　金：北京农业育种基础研究创新平台项目"超级玉米品种选育及中国玉米标准DNA指纹库构建研究"--超级玉米品种试验鉴定关键技术与方法研究;国家科技支撑计划"三大作物可持续超高产共性理论与技术模式研究"--辽南晚熟区春玉米超高产关键技术创新及技术模式研究(2006BAD02A13-4-5)

摘　　要：农业高效用水的核心是提高自然降水和灌溉水的利用效率。详细介绍低压管道输水灌溉、喷灌、微灌和渠道防渗4种管道工程节水技术的优缺点,分析沟灌和畦灌、局部湿润灌溉、间歇灌溉、地膜上灌和控制性地面灌溉4种地面灌溉节水技术的原理及节水效果,并从增加土壤水分储蓄、减少土壤水分蒸发和提高作物水分利用效率3个方面,提出具体的节水技术措施。The core of highly efficient water use in agriculture is to make efficient use of natural precipitation and irrigation water.This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of four kinds of water-saving techniques of pipe works,including water delivery irrigation using pipelines of low pressure,sprinkling irrigation,micro-irrigation,and ditch seepage-proofing.The author makes analysis on the principles and water-saving effects of four sorts of surface irrigation,namely,furrow irrigation and border irrigation,partial moisture irrigation,intermittent irrigation,mulching film irrigation and controlled surface irrigation.Specific water-saving measures are offered in this article in terms of increasing soil moisture storage,reducing soil moisture evaporation,and improving crop moisture utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：节水灌溉 旱作农业 水分利用率 地面灌溉 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程]