社会转型汉代国家的历史地位  

Social Transition:Historical Position of the Han Dynasty

作　　者：雷依群[1] 

机构地区：[1]咸阳师范学院历史系,陕西咸阳712000

出　　处：《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》2010年第4期1-4,共4页Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"五陵原自然与人文社会环境变迁研究";项目编号:08XZS123

摘　　要：周革殷命,开创了中国历史上一个真正意义上的封建社会,实现了中国社会历史进程中的第一次转型。而秦汉之际的历史巨变,以中央集权制度取代旧的封建制度,从而完成了中国历史的第二次转型。在转型过程中,汉王朝使中央集权制度完善并确立,主要表现在三个方面:一是由"普天之下莫非王土"的封建贵族土地所有制到"使黔首自实田"的土地私有化的完成;二是权力体制上的封建贵族政治到中央集权制的新型官僚体制的建立;三是在思想传统上,汉代在先秦以来"礼乐"思想的孕育中,实行"独尊儒术,罢黜百家",奠定了以儒学及儒家思想为主干的中华传统思想。从而确立了汉代国家的历史地位。The Zhou Dynasty＇ s replacement of the Shang Dynasty realized the establishment of real feudal society in China＇ s history in the aspects of politics, economy, and culture on the basis of enfeoffment, which was the first social transition in the process of China＇ s history, that is, ＂the establishment of new systems and culture after the abolishment of former ones＂. However, the huge change during the period of the Qin and Han Dynasties, namely, the centralism＇ s replacement of previous feudal system originated in the Qin Dynasty and completed in the Han Dynasty, which was the second social transition in China＇s history. Because of the Qin Dynasty＇ s short rule, it was the Han Dynasty that mainly completed the social transition full of struggle and pain. While this kind of transition＇ s intensity and complexity was fully manifested in the process of the Han Dynasty＇s establishment and unification, in which the Han Dynasty perfected and established the centralism system. Specifically, it included.the following aspects. First, the farmland＇s privatization of ＂making the farmers possess the farmland＂ replaced feudal lords＇ farmland ownership of ＂lords＇ possession of all farmlands＂. Second, in the power system, new official system replaced feudal aristocracy politics. Third, on the basis of the thought of propriety and music developed in the Pre-qin Dynasty, the Han Dynasty launched the policy of ＂ honoring Confucianism and discarding other schools＂, which laid the foundation for China＇ s traditional culture emphasizing Confucianism. In a word, the above-mentioned social transition guaranteed the Han Dynasty＇s historical position.

关 键 词：社会转型 汉承秦制 中央集权 历史地位 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]