测土配方施肥对玉米产量及化肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Soil Testing and Formula Fertilization on Maize Yield and Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency

作　　者：侯云鹏[1] 谢佳贵[1] 尹彩侠[1] 秦裕波[1] 孔丽丽[1] 于雷[1] 张宽[1] 王秀芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院农业环境与农业资源研究中心,吉林长春130124

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2010年第18期9452-9454,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BADA4B06);中加合作项目(IPNI)(BFDP-Jilin-2009)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨测土配方施肥对玉米产量及化肥利用率的影响。[方法]在吉林省玉米主产区不同类型土壤上,选择当地主推品种为供试玉米品种,设置测土配方施肥与农民习惯施肥对比试验,研究测土配方施肥对玉米产量构成因素、产量、肥料效益与肥料利用率的影响作用。[结果]在吉林省东、中、西部地区不同土壤上,测土配方施肥的穗长、秃尖和穗粒数等玉米产量构成因素均好于农民习惯施肥,千粒重和穗粒数分别提高1.6%～6.7%和3.8%～8.0%。与农民习惯施肥相比,测土配方施肥显著提高了玉米产量,增产玉米122～1 228 kg/hm2,增收398～1 457元/hm2;化肥利用率提高0.22%～13.26%,说明测土配方施肥的肥料用量及配比基本合理。[结论]测土配方能达到玉米增产、节本、增效的目的,大大提高肥料的利用率。[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the effects of soil testing and formula fertilization on maize yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency.[Method] On the soil with different types in main maize-planting areas of Jilin Province,with the local main popularizing varieties as the tested varieties,the contrast tests were set up between the soil testing and formula fertilization and the farmer custom fertilization to study the effects of soil testing and formula fertilization on maize yield components,maize yield,fertilizer benefit and fertilizer utilization efficiency.[Result] On the different soils in east,middle and west areas in Jilin Province,the maize yield components including ear length,bald tine and grains per ear in the treatment by formula fertilization were better than that by the farmer custom fertilization and the 1 000 grains weight and grains per ear were increased by 1.6%-6.7% and 3.8%-8.0% resp.Compared with the farmer custom fertilization,the soil testing and formula fertilization could increase the maize yield obviously,the maize yield was increased by 122-1 228 kg/hm2,the income was increased by 398-1 457 yuan/hm2 and the fertilizer utilization efficiency was increased by 0.22%-13.26%,indicating that the fertilizer dosage and their matching ratio in the soil testing and formula fertilization were basically rational.[Conclusion] Soil testing and formula fertilization could not only realize the objective of increasing maize yield,saving the cost and increasing the efficiency,but also improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency highly.

关 键 词：测土配方施肥 产量 化肥利用率 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]