山西褐土长期施钾和秸秆还田对冬小麦产量和钾素平衡的影响  

Effects of long-term potassium application and wheat straw return to cinnamon soil on wheat yields and soil potassium balance in Shanxi

作　　者：王宏庭[1] 金继运[2] 王斌[1] 赵萍萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,山西太原030031 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2010年第4期801-808,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目(NMBF-Shanxi);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAD25B01;2006BAD05B03;2008BADA4B07)资助

摘　　要：在山西石灰性褐土一年一作条件下,通过16年的田间定位试验,研究了长期施钾和秸秆还田对小麦产量和土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,只施用氮、磷肥,冬小麦年平均产量5.5 t/hm2,土壤钾素养分严重亏缺,年平均亏缺104.3 kg/hm2,与试验前的初始值比较,土壤速效钾和缓效钾含量分别下降23.6%和14.3%。在施用氮、磷肥的基础上每年施用钾肥(K2O 150 kg/hm2),平均增产10.2%以上;小麦秸秆还田平均增产6.6%以上,二者配合平均增产17.6%,年平均吸钾量提高32.0 kg/hm2。与试验初始值比较,土壤速效钾、缓效钾分别提高38.6%和11.0%。在施用氮、磷肥的基础上,长期施用钾肥和秸秆还田在显著增加冬小麦的经济产量、生物产量和吸钾量的同时,也减少年度间因气候因素等影响引起的产量变异,提高年度间产量和植物吸钾量的稳定性。Under the condition of wheat-fallow rotation on a calcareous cinnamon soil in Shanxi province,a long-term field experiment was conducted for 16 years to study the effects of long-term potassium（K）application and wheat straw return on wheat yields and soil K status.The results show that application of nitrogen（N）and phosphate（P）fertilizer only without K addition to the system（NP treatment）results in an average yield of 5.5 t/ha and an average annual deficit of 104.3 kg/ha,which indicates there is a serious deficit of soil potassium.Compared with their initial values,contents of soil available K and slowly available K are decreased by 23.6% and 14.3%,respectively.Compared with the NP treatment,the average wheat yield is increased by 10.2% under the application of K fertilizer（NPK treatment）at the rate of K2O 150 kg/ha annually,and is increased by 6.6% under the straw return treatment（NP＋St treatment）.The combination of wheat straw return to soil and K application（NPK＋St treatment）can increase wheat yield by 17.6%,and K uptake by wheat plants is increased by 32.0 kg/ha.Compared with their initial values,contents of soil available K and slowly available K are increased by 38.6% and 11.0%,respectively.On the base of N and P fertilizer application,wheat grain yield,biomass yield and K uptake by wheat plants are significantly increased under the long-term K application or wheat straw return,and the stability of yield and plant K uptake are improved and the yield variation among the 16 crop seasons is reduced as well.

关 键 词：钾肥 褐土 秸秆还田 产量 土壤钾素平衡 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]