不同地膜覆盖对渭北旱塬冬小麦生长及水分利用效率的影响  

Effects of mulching with different kinds of plastic film on growth and water use efficiency of winter wheat in Weibei Highland

作　　者：白丽婷[1] 海江波[1] 韩清芳[1] 贾志宽[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学干旱半干旱研究中心农业部旱地作物生产与生态重点开放实验室,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第4期135-139,162,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑课题(2006BAD29B03);(2007BAD88B10)

摘　　要：对陕西渭北旱塬区2种不同可降解膜和普通地膜覆盖种植冬小麦连续2年生长状况、水分利用效率及增产效果进行了研究。结果表明：渭北旱塬区生物降解膜和普通地膜覆盖栽培冬小麦株高、干物质积累量、产量及水分利用效率均显著（P〈0.05）高于常规露地栽培,并显著增加了冬小麦的成穗数,使穗粒数有一定的增加;连续2年增产幅度分别为6.45%和28.95%、7.52%和22.44%,2种覆盖间无显著差异;水分利用效率分别提高11.39%和35.02%、14.40%和12.96%,各覆膜处理0~200 cm土层贮水量较对照增加17.9~64.2 mm。普通地膜覆盖对冬小麦各生育阶段株高及干物质积累量促进作用较大,液体地膜由于易受到环境影响,其生理生态效应不能充分体现。覆盖生物降解膜蓄水保墒效果较好,水分利用效率提高到17.73 kg/（mm.hm2）,而且能有效解决＂白色污染＂问题,表现出良好的经济效益和生态效益。A study was conducted on growth conditions,water use efficiency and yield-increasing effect of two kinds of different degradable mulching films and common plastic film in Weibei Highland of Shaanxi.The results showed that the plant height,dry matter accumulation,yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat treated with biodegradable film and common plastic film were significantly（P0.05） higher than that with conventional open field cultivation,and winter wheat ears were remarkably increased,so as a modest increase in the number of grains per spike.The yield-increasing extent was 6.45% and 28.95%,7.52% and 22.44% respectively without significant difference between these two kinds of coverage in two consecutive years,and the water use efficiency increased by 11.39% and 35.02%,14.40% and 12.96% respectively.The soil water storage of 0～200 cm soil layer increased by 17.9～64.2 mm compared with the control.The common plastic film had a great role in promoting plant height and dry matter accumulation in winter wheat,while the liquid film,because of its vulnerability to environmental impact,could not fully play its physiological and ecological effects.Biodegradable film had good soil moisture conservation effect and increased water use efficiency to 17.73 kg/（mm·hm2）,as well as showed good economic and ecological benefits due to effectively solving the ＂white pollution＂ problem.

关 键 词：冬小麦 生物降解膜 普通地膜 液体地膜 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]