黄土高原半湿润区旱地一年两熟复种模式土壤水分效应  

Study on soil moisture effect of double cropping in the dryland of subhumid areas of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：李露[1] 杨玲[1] 廖允成[2] 温晓霞[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2010年第4期145-151,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：2007年度教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划;国家自然科学基金(30671227);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803028)

摘　　要：以冬小麦—夏闲种植模式为对照,比较了不同作物种植模式的土壤水分动态、作物耗水量及作物产量等指标。研究了旱地＂一年两熟＂种植模式的农田土壤水分动态及耗水规律,揭示了不同种植模式对土壤水分的影响机理。结果表明：旱地一年两熟种植模式具有较好的水分利用效率和经济效益,4种一年两熟种植模式的水分利用效率和经济效益较对照分别高48.4%-107.5%和62.3%-119.2%;发展旱地复种对土壤水分的影响程度有限,各复种处理与对照相比,水分差异主要存在于1 m以下的深层土壤;冬小麦—芝麻、冬小麦—大豆、冬小麦—玉米3种作物模式的全季度耗水强度仅较对照分别高0.05、0.07和0.09 mm/d。综合经济效益及土壤水分可利用性分析,冬小麦—玉米模式的经济产量、收益最佳,冬小麦—大豆则为水分生产效益次佳,但显著降低了对土壤水分的消耗。In this study,with winter wheat-summer fallow cropping pattern as control,we compared the soil water dynamics,water consumption and crop yield of different cropping patterns.The purpose of the research was to find out soil water dynamics,water consumption law,and to reveal the influence mechanism of different cropping patterns on the soil water of two crops a year on dry farmland.The result indicated that planting two crops in a year could get better WUE and economic return,the WUE and economic return of the 4 multiple gropping pattern increased by 48.4%～107.5% and 62.3%～119.2%.The influence extent of multiple cropping on the soil water state was limited,and the daily water consumption of treatment Ⅱ,treatment Ⅲ and treatment Ⅳ were only higher by 0.05 mm/d,0.07 mm/d and 0.09 mm/d.Comprehensive analysis of economic benefit and soil water sustainable utilization,the pattern of＂wheat-corn＂ obtained the best economic yield and profit,and the ＂wheat-soybean＂ was the second, but this cropping system consumed less soil water than that of＂wheat-corn＂.

关 键 词：旱作农田 一年两熟 土壤水分 水分利用 

分 类 号：S152.75[农业科学—土壤学]