降雨条件下电解质示踪正态模型的应用  

Test of the normal distribution model of electrolyte tracer under rainfall simulation conditions

作　　者：史晓楠[1,2] 雷廷武[1,2] 张勇 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所/黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]滨州市水利局,山东滨州256603

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2010年第4期124-129,共6页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点实验室基金课题(10501-273);国家自然科学基金重点项目(40635027)

摘　　要：为测试电解质示踪正态模型在降雨条件下测量坡面径流流速的可行性,对3个降雨强度和5个坡度条件下坡面电解质示踪试验数据进行分析;在降雨条件下将正态模型法计算的径流流速与传统流量法得到的流速进行对比。结果表明:正态模型测量坡面径流流速在理论上是可行的;坡度和降雨强度较小时,正态模型法能够在短距离内准确测量径流流速,与流量法测量结果接近;随着坡度和降雨强度的增大,由于电解质的横向扩散损失导致模型预测径流流速的精度有所降低。In order to test the feasibility of the normal distribution model of electrolyte transport,the experiments were conducted to collect runoff data on a hill-slope under three rainfall intensities and five slope degrees.The normal distribution model method was used to estimate the velocity values which were compared with the velocity values measured with the traditional volumetric method.The results indicated that the feasibility of the model on measurement of velocity of shallow water flow on a hill-slope under rainfall cases.Under lower slope gradients and rainfall intensities,the velocity values estimated by the normal distribution model were to some extent close with those measured by the traditional volumetric method.As the slope gradients and rainfall intensities increased,the velocity estimated with the normal distribution model is less accurate due to the lateral diffusion of electrolyte.

关 键 词：流速测量 电解质示踪 脉冲模型 正态模型 薄层径流 

分 类 号：S158.1[农业科学—土壤学]