生物柴油混合燃料对橡胶溶胀性和机械性能的影响  

Swelling and Mechanical Performance of Rubbers in Blends of Biodiesel and Diesel

作　　者：胡宗杰[1] 周映[1] 邓俊[1] 吴志军[1] 李理光[1] 

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海200092

出　　处：《内燃机学报》2010年第4期357-361,共5页Transactions of Csice

基　　金：国家"863"计划资助项目(2006AA11A1A2);上海市重点学科建设资助项目(B303);同济大学青年优秀人才培养计划资助项目(2008KJ047)

摘　　要：研究了乙烯丙烯酸酯橡胶(AEM)和氟橡胶(FKM)在两种生物柴油(废弃油脂制生物柴油、麻疯树油制生物柴油)及其与0#石化柴油按不同体积比混合的燃料中的溶胀和机械性能变化,浸泡周期为672h,温度为(23±2)℃。结果表明:AEM的最小质量和体积变化率超过20%,且随生物柴油体积混合比升高呈线性急剧升高的趋势,而FKM在不同生物柴油和不同混合比下的质量和体积变化率基本在±0.2%以内;在不同混合比下,AEM的硬度下降维持在30%～40%,而当混合比超过5%时,AEM的拉伸强度和拉断伸长率迅速降低;FKM的硬度变化基本不超过±3%,拉伸强度和拉断伸长率因生物柴油不同呈现不同的变化规律,在废弃油脂制生物柴油中先增加后降低,在麻疯树油制生物柴油中却先降低后增加。与AEM相比,FKM在生物柴油混合燃料中的机械性能变化较小。当生物柴油的体积混合比为0%～5%时,AEM和FKM的质量、体积、硬度、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率几乎不变,两者均可在该比例下作为耐油部件材料。当橡胶与燃料之间的极性差异较大时,需要综合分析机械性能和溶胀变化来研究橡胶与燃料的兼容能力。Swelling and mechanical performances were investigated for acrylate ethylene-methyl rubber （AEM） and fluoroalkyl polymethylene （FKM） immersed in biodiesels made from wasted oil and jatropha curcas oil, and their blends with 0# diesel. The immersion duration lasts 672 h at （23 ±2）℃. Results show that the minimum increasing rates of mass and volume for AEM exceeds 20%, and increasing rates of mass and volume rise remarkably when the volumetric ratio exceeds 5%. Increasing rates of mass and volume for FKM are limited among ± 0. 2% at different blending ratios of the two kinds of biodiesels. Rigidity decreasing of AEM is 30%-40% . Tensile strength and elongation at breaking of AEM decrease linearly with the increase of blending ratio. For FKM, the variation rates of rigidity are among ± 3%. Tensile strength and elongation at breaking of FKM vary differently in two kinds of biodiesels as blending ratio is increased. They show an increasing and then decreasing for blends of the biodiesel made from wasted oil, and a decreasing and then increasing for blends of the biodiesel made from jatropha curcas oil. The me- chanical performance changing rates of FKM ale less than those of AEM. When blend ratio of biodiesels is less than 5%, the mass, volume, rigidity, tensile strength and elongation at breaking for AEM and FKM are almost the same as those of pure 0# diesel. When polarity difference between the fuels and rubbers is significant, the change in mechanical performance should be further analyzed to judge the compatibility between rubbers and fuels.

关 键 词：生物柴油 橡胶 溶胀性 机械性能 

分 类 号：TK464[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]