药物超敏综合征18例临床特征分析  

Clinical analysis of 18 cases of drug hypersensitivity syndrome

作　　者：徐贤挺[1] 许洁[2] 林小敏[2] 金永真[2] 

机构地区：[1]温州医学院定理临床学院皮肤科,325000 [2]温州市第二人民医院皮肤科

出　　处：《中国医师进修杂志》2010年第21期11-13,共3页Chinese Journal of Postgraduates of Medicine

摘　　要：目的 探讨药物超敏综合征的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析18例药物超敏综合征患者的临床表现、实验室检查、治疗情况、病程及预后.结果 18例患者均以皮疹、发热为首发症状,于用药后2～8周发生;皮损形态多样,以皮疹型为主,常伴紫癜样斑疹、皮肤肿胀及反复脱屑;其中伴浅表淋巴结肿大者13例、肝功能损害者14例、肾损害者11例、血白细胞计数升高者13例、嗜酸粒细胞计数升高者10例;可疑致敏药物：别嘌呤醇11例、卡马西平4例、苯妥英2例、米诺环素1例.糖皮质激素是首选治疗药物.结论 药物超敏综合征为具有特征性表现的临床综合征,是一种较严重的疾病,及时停药、早期给予足量糖皮质激素治疗非常重要.Objective To explore the clinical features of drug hypersensitivity syndrome（DHS）. Method Retrospective analysis of 18 cases of DHS was made in detail including clinical situation, laboratory examination, treatment instance,duration and prognosis. Results The earliest symptoms of all patients were skin rash and fever, which occurred in 2 to 8 weeks after the administration of the drugs, accompanied with superficial lymphadenopathy in 13 patients, liver dysfunction in 14 patients, renal impairment in 11 patients, leukocytosis in 13 patients and eosinophilia in 10 patients. The skin lesions were multiform. The common eruption was purpura-like erythemas, accompanied with swelling and repeated desquamation. The suspected drugs were as follows： allopurinol in 11 cases, carbamazepine in 4 cases, phenytoin in 2 cases and minocycline in 1 case. Corticosteroid was the first line of treatment Conclusions DHS is a clinical syndrome to have characteristic symptom and a relatively severe disease. It is crucial to discontinue the suspected drugs promptly and to start sufficient dose of corticosteroid.

关 键 词：药物超敏 不良反应 

分 类 号：R5[医药卫生—内科学]