说“关中本位政策”  

Discussing on the Theory of Guan Zhong First Policy

作　　者：李万生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院历史研究所

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2010年第4期19-32,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：陈寅恪先生1940年代提出的"关中本位政策"说,在西魏北周隋唐政治史研究方面有非常重大的意义。该说认为,西魏实施"关中本位政策",北周、隋及唐前期(开元以前)皆踪行之。西魏靠实施此政策而与东魏、梁朝抗衡,北周因实施此政策而灭北齐,而唐代三百年间统治阶级的变迁升降,即是宇文泰"关中本位政策"所鸠合集团的兴衰及其分化。岑仲勉、黄永年二先生乃"关中本位政策"说的主要批评者。岑先生认为,从唐太宗用人看,不存在"关中本位政策";黄先生则更进一步,认为隋炀帝用人已不显示有"关中本位政策"可言。实际上,岑、黄二先生的看法都是误解的结果,因为他们都是根据《唐代政治史述论稿》上篇的论述而作批评,没有疏通该书中篇及其他相关论著的论述。《唐代政治史述论稿》上篇的表述有欠精确,则是岑、黄二先生误解的根本原因。因此,仅从《唐代政治史述论稿》上篇的表述看,当认为岑、黄二先生的批评都有理;但从陈先生关于"关中本位政策"的系统论述看,则可说岑、黄二先生的批评都无理。The theory of Guanzhong Benwei Zhengce (Guan Zhong First Policy),which was proposed by Professor Yin-ko Chen in the 1940s,had great significance for the study of political history of the Western Wei,Northern Zhou,Sui and Tang Dynasties.Professor Chen claimed that this policy was founded by the Western Wei,and followed by the Northern Zhou,Sui and Early Tang (Before Kaiyuan Period).Relied on this policy,the Western Wei could withstand the Eastern Wei and Liang Dynasty in the South,and the Northern Zhou could annex the Northern Qi later.Professor Chen also believed that the transformation of the ruling class of the Tang Dynasty was none other than the rise and fall of the elite bloc which gathered by Yuwen Tai's Guanzhong First Policy.Challenges of this theory mainly came from Professor Zhongmian Cen and Yongnian Huang.Professor Cen claimed that the policy did not exist from the perspective of Emperor Tang Taizong's personnel administration.Professor Huang went much further.By analyzing the personnel administration of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty,he believed that this policy even vanished at that time.However,these points might come from misunderstanding to Professor Chen.Both Professor Cen and Huang raised their criticism based on the first part of Chen's famous book (Draft on the Political History of Tang Dynasty),and neglected the second part of the book and some other relevant works.In fact,the narrative of this book was not precise enough,which might bring on these misunderstanding.The criticism of Professor Cen and Huang could be reasonable only from the narrative of the first part of this book.If we took the systematic writing of Professor Chen on this Policy into consideration,the criticism of Professor Cen and Huang were unwarranted.

关 键 词：关中本位政策 关陇集团 府兵制 陈寅恪 岑仲勉 黄永年 

分 类 号：K092[历史地理—历史学]