北极冰上积雪的光学衰减性质  

The Optical Properties of Snow on the Ice in the North Polar Region

作　　者：李淑江[1,2] 赵进平[1] 李翔[1] 李涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [2]国家海洋局第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2010年第7期9-14,共6页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(40631006);国家自然科学基金项目(40876003)资助;中国极地科学战略研究基金项目(20080221);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB950301)

摘　　要：2007年11月-2008年2月在北极阿蒙森湾进行了冰上积雪的光学衰减性质的观测实验。该实验是在极夜条件下,通过人造光源研究波长313～875nm范围内的光在雪中传播的衰减性质。实验结果验证了可见光在冰上积雪传播过程中,其辐射强度随积雪厚的增长呈指数迅速衰减的规律特征,而且光在积雪中的衰减率远大于海冰中的衰减。根据不同雪厚的光学观测结果,计算出不同波长的可见光在雪中传播的衰减系数。结果表明,465～625 nm范围内的光在雪中衰减系数最小,并且随波长变化基本为常量,其平均值为20 m^(-1)。当波长在此范围之外,可见光的衰减系数迅速升高,衰减系数最高甚至超过30 m^(-1)。此外,根据观测初步分析了雪的密度变化对光在雪中的衰减系数的影响,结果表明,积雪密度的变化对不同波长光的衰减系数影响不同。入射光的波长越大,光的衰减系数受积雪密度变化的影响越大。本文还估算了积雪密度变化造成的光的衰减系数的误差率。From November 2007 to February 2008, a series of optical measurements of light transmission in the snow on the ice were carried out in the Amundsen Gulf of the North Polar Region. By the experiments, we have studied the optical extinction properties of artificial light between 313 - 875 nm in the snow of the polar night. The results have validated that the radiant intensity attenuate by exponential form with snow thickness increasing, and the snow attenuation is greater than that of ice. On the basis of the observation results with different snow thickness, the optical extinction coefficients in the snow can be calculated. The results show that the spectral extinction coefficients within 465-625 nm are minimum, and are almost constant with the meaning value 20 m^-1. When the light wavelength is out of this range, the extinction coefficients increase quickly, and even exceed 30 m^-1. According to the observation results, we have analysis the effect of snow density on the optical extinction properties in the snow, and the results show that the effect is different with the variation of light wavelength. With the wavelength longer, the effect of snow density is greater.

关 键 词：北极 雪 光 衰减系数 

分 类 号：P731[天文地球—海洋科学]