人工湿地污水处理系统冬季植物的筛选与评价  

Selection of Winter Plant Species for Wetlands Constructed as Sewage Treatment Systems and Evaluation of Their Wastewater Purification Potentials

作　　者：陈永华[1] 吴晓芙[1] 陈明利[1] 蒋丽娟[1] 李科林[1] 雷电[1] 王海滨[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程研究所,长沙410004

出　　处：《环境科学》2010年第8期1789-1794,共6页Environmental Science

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项(200909066);国家科技部国际合作项目(2007-DFA91420);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2008ZX07212-001);湖南省科技厅博士后专项基金项目(2008RS4027);中南林业科技大学校青年基金重点项目(2008001A);湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目(09K055);湖南省环境科学重点学科建设项目(2006180)

摘　　要：选用25种冬季湿地植物进行了污水净化潜力筛选试验,并在综合应用原有湿地植物筛选与评价体系的基础上,增加植物逆境酶和基质酶指标,对试验植物进行了聚类分析.结果表明,测试植物的根系长度、活力、叶片丙二醛含量、生长量、氮磷浓度、氮磷的积累能力、根际基质脲酶活性与磷酸酶活性均存在显著差异.采用建立的净化潜力评价体系将测试植物聚类分为3大类,第1类净化力强,植物种类有水芹、油菜、灯芯草、虎耳草、德国鸢尾、桂花和花菖蒲,第2类净化力中等,植物种类有羽衣甘蓝、金盏菊、撒金珊瑚、女贞、红甜菜、杜鹃和大叶冬青,第3类净化力弱,植物种类有白菜、五月菊、月季、金鱼草、麦冬、葱兰、熊掌木、矮牵牛、小叶冬青、香石竹和红继木.In order to establish an evaluation system for selection of winter wetland plants possessing high wastewater purification potentials in subtropics areas,designed sewage treatment experiments were carried out by introducing into the constructed wetlands 25 species of winter wetland plants.Cluster analysis was performed by including harmful environment-resistant enzyme and substrate enzyme activities into the commonly applied plant screening and assessment indexes system.The obtained results indicated that there were significant differences among the tested winter plants in their root length and vigor,leaf malonaldehyde（MDA）,biomass,average nitrogen and phosphorus concentration and uptake,and urease and phosphoric acid enzyme activities in the root areas.Based on the established evaluation system,the tested plants were clustered into 3 groups.The plants in the 1st group possessing high purification potentials are Oenanthe javanica,Brassicacapestris,Juncus effusu,Saxifragaceae,Iris pseudoacorus,Osmanthus fragrans and Iris ensata;those in the 2nd group possessing moderate purification potentials are Brassica oleracea var acephala,Calendula officinalis,Aucuba japonica,Ligustrum lucidu,Beta vulgaris,Rhododendron simsii and Ilex latifolia;and those in the 3rd group with low purification potentials are Brassica oleracea var acephala,Calistephus chinensis,Rosa chinensis,Antirrhinums,Liriope palatyphylla,Zephyranthes candida,Fatshedera lizei,Petunia hybrida,Ilex quihoui,Dianthus caryophyllus and Loropetalum chinensis.

关 键 词：冬季湿地植物 根系活力 丙二醛 生长量 氮磷积累量 基质酶 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]