利用ALOHA软件对一起氯化氢泄漏事故的模拟分析  

Simulation analysis on the accident of hydrogen chloride release with the simulation software ALOHA

作　　者：王爽[1] 王志荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京工业大学城市建设与安全工程学院,江苏南京210009

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2010年第8期698-700,共3页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金项目"受限空间危险性气体泄漏扩散过程及其动力学机理研究"(BK2007587);江苏省高校"青蓝工程"优秀青年骨干教师资助计划(QLPJP2008)

摘　　要：以某化工厂的氯化氢泄漏事故为背景,计算氯化氢气体泄漏量,根据事故中有毒气体氯化氢的理化性质以及事故当日的环境条件,利用有害大气空中定位软件(ALOHA)重气扩散模型对该事故进行模拟,分析泄漏源的强度、敏感点浓度和人体接触剂量随时间的变化以及对影响区域中某中学室内外人员造成的伤害程度,并以此为依据划分事故的不同应急救援区域,提高应急救援和人员疏散的安全性和准确性。模拟结果与事故实际情况相符。敏感点处室外氯化氢浓度达到人体轻度伤害值,之后浓度很快降低至该数值以下。室内浓度始终未达到人体轻度伤害浓度数值。应将泄漏影响区内室外人员应急疏散到室内密闭空间避难。Under the background of Hydrogen Chloride leakage in a chemical plant, calculating the release quantity, according to the physical and chemical characteristic of toxic gas Hydrogen Chloride and the environment conditions of the scene, the accident was simulated by Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres （ALOHA） with the heavy gas dispersion model. The variation of the leak source strength, concentration of the sensitive point, the exposure dose of human body with time and the damage degree for staff indoor and outdoor in a middle school in the threat zone were analyzed in the simulation which was as a basis for the division of different emergency rescue areas in the accident. Both the sa/ety and accuracy of emergency rescue and evacuation were enhanced. In conclusion, the simulation results match the actual situation of the accident. The outdoor concentration of Hydrogen Chloride at the sensitive point got lightly over the value of damage people shortly and decreased under it. The concentration of Hydrogen Chloride indoor was low and could not harm people. Outdoor people in the threat zone should evacuate to a closed refuge.

关 键 词：氯化氢 泄漏 ALOHA 影响区域 敏感点 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TE687[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]