中国城市大气污染物总量控制方法及案例研究  

Studies on Urban Total Air Pollutant Emission Control Planning in China

作　　者：马小明[1] 李诗刚[1] 栾胜基[1] 叶文虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学中心

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》1999年第2期265-270,共6页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

摘　　要：中国城市的大气污染相当严重，对城市大气污染物实施总量控制将是控制城市大气环境管理污染的主要手段。本文根据对多个城市的研究，开发了城市大气污染物总量控制方案的制定方法。该方法引入了排放当量概念，通过构造区域间大气污染物转移矩阵及线性规划模型来确定城市大气污染物允许排放当量总量及分布，并以此作为区域控制指标分配至污染源。将其应用在城市大气污染物总量控制规划中，发现城市大气污染物允许排放量与排放高度α次幂成正比，０＜α＜１，对济南α＝０．８，该参数为总量的分配提供了重要依据。Urban air pollution is a quite severe problem in China.Imposing restriction on total emission quantity of air pollutants will be a major environmental management measure to have the situation control.Based on several case studies,the method of working out a total emission quantity plan for control of air pollution has been developed, and the concept of emission equivalent was introduced. The permitted total emission equivalent quantity of urban air pollutants and its distribution in urban area, which can be used as regional air pollution control index and can be allocated to each major pollution source to determinate its permitted emission quantity, can be worked out by making up regional air pollutants shift matrix and by using linear programming model. We have applied this method in the total emission quantity control plan of urban air pollutants and discovered that permitted emission quantity of urban air pollutants is in direct proportion to emission height's α power. α is a parameter that provide scientific basis for allocating total permitted emission quantity. It ranges from 0 to 1 and equals 0 80 in Jinan city.

关 键 词：大气污染 允许排放总量 排放当量 中国 城市 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]