煤矿煤岩瓦斯动力灾害预防理论与技术进展  

Prevention theory and technological progress of coal-gas dynamic disasters in coal mines

作　　者：聂百胜[1,2] 何学秋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国矿业大学(北京)资源与安全工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国矿业大学(北京)煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中国科技论文在线》2009年第11期795-801,共7页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50427401;50874110);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2005cb221502);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划(2006BAK03B0303);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-07-0799);北京市科技新星计划(2006A081);霍英东高等院校青年教师基金(111053);教育部科学技术重点项目(108135)

摘　　要：煤矿煤岩瓦斯动力灾害包括煤与瓦斯突出、瓦斯(煤尘)爆炸、冲击矿压和大面积冒顶等,严重威胁着煤矿安全高效生产和矿山工作人员的生命安全。煤矿煤岩瓦斯动力灾害还没有得到有效预防,急需在理论和技术方面进行研究。叙述了作者在本领域的主要工作。在应用基础研究方面,开发了煤样高压瓦斯等温吸附装置,设计了进行含瓦斯煤体CT动态加载实验装置,进行了加载过程中煤体裂隙扩展的CT动态探测;研究了煤岩变形破裂过程的电磁辐射规律,研制了煤岩动力灾害非接触电磁辐射监测预警技术及装备;实验研究多孔吸波吸能材料抑爆,提出瓦斯多次爆炸和连续爆炸的阻隔爆技术;研制了利用前混合式磨料水射流进行工作面安全强制放顶和防止上隅角瓦斯积聚的技术及装备;研制了高压脉动注水防治煤与瓦斯突出的技术及装备。通过上述理论、技术及装备研究可以为煤矿瓦斯和煤岩动力灾害预防提供基础。Coal-gas dynamic disasters in coal mines include coal and gas outburst, gas （and coal dust） explosion、rockburst and large roof fall, etc, and threat seriously the safety and high production efficiency of coal mines and the lives of mine workers. These disasters in coal mines have not been effectively prevented and the theoretical and technological progress in this field is in urgent need. This paper presents the authors’ main achievements in this area. For the application of basic researches, high-pressure gas isothermal adsorption device for coal samples was developed and dynamic loading apparatus for coal containing gases was manufactured and cracks propagation in loaded coal samples was measured with real-time computerized tomography （CT） technology. The rules of electromagnetic emission （EME） during the deformation and fracture process of coal or rock was studied, and the non-contact EME technology and equipment for forecasting dynamic disasters in coal were developed. The experiments of gas explosion suppression by porous materials were carried out and technology of suppressing and isolating continuous and multiple gas explosions was put forward. The pre-mixed abrasive water jet （AWJ） cutting technology and equipment were developed and used for safe top-caving at the working face and preventing gas accumulation in the upper corner. In addition, the technology and equipment of high-pressure pulse water injection which can prevent coal and gas outburst were developed. These researches provide foundations for preventing coal-gas dynamic disasters in coal mines.

关 键 词：矿井 CT技术 煤岩动力灾害 煤与瓦斯突出 预防 

分 类 号：TD713[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]